| 不同磷水平下小麦蚕豆间作对根际有效磷及磷吸收的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张梦瑶,肖靖秀,汤利,郑毅. 不同磷水平下小麦蚕豆间作对根际有效磷及磷吸收的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(7): 1157-1165. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18346 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张梦瑶 肖靖秀 汤利 郑毅 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.云南农业大学资源与环境学院，昆明 650201 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0200200/007）；国家自然科学基金项目（31560581，31460551）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探明不同磷水平下小麦–蚕豆间作对根际有效磷含量及作物磷吸收量的影响,提高磷肥利用率。【方法】2015—2016和2016—2017两季田间试验在云南农业大学试验基地耕作红壤上进行,供试小麦品种为云麦-52,蚕豆品种为玉溪大粒豆。设施P2O5 0 (P0)、45 (P45)和90 kg/hm^2 (P90)三个水平,和单作(M,包括小麦单作MW和蚕豆单作MF)和间作(I)两种种植模式。每季在小麦分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期,蚕豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期、籽粒膨大期、收获期采取根际土样测定有效磷含量。在小麦蚕豆收获期测定单、间作小麦、蚕豆产量,并测定作物地上部磷含量。计算土地当量比(LER)来衡量间作优势,并用磷肥农学利用率来反映磷肥的吸收效率。【结果】与单作相比,在P0、P45、P90水平下,2016年间作种植显著提高了小麦籽粒产量12.5%、21.7%和17.3%,2017年间作蚕豆产量较单作分别降低了16.8%、11.7%和8.2%。三个磷水平下,小麦–蚕豆间作具有产量优势,土地当量比(LER)为0.95~1.18。与常规施磷水平(P90)下的单作相比,小麦–蚕豆间作条件下,磷肥减施1/2 (P45)并未降低小麦和蚕豆产量。间作种植对小麦根际有效磷含量无显著影响(除2016年成熟期外),但2017年,在蚕豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期,间作则分别降低蚕豆根际有效磷含量20.8%、44.5%和18%。与P90单作相比,间作P45处理几乎不会降低小麦、蚕豆根际有效磷含量。小麦、蚕豆磷吸收量主要受磷水平的调控,种植模式对小麦和蚕豆磷的吸收量及磷肥农学利用率均没有影响。【结论】在本试验条件下,小麦–蚕豆间作提高了小麦籽粒产量,降低了蚕豆产量;间作种植主要是改变了蚕豆生育前期根际有效磷含量,但对作物的磷吸收量没有影响。小麦–蚕豆间作具有减施磷肥、维持作物产量和根际土壤有效磷的潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦蚕豆间作 根际有效磷 磷吸收量 磷肥农学利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-21 |
Effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on the available phosphorus contents in rhizospheric soil and phosphorus uptake by crops under different phosphorus levels |
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| ZHANG Meng-yao,XIAO Jing-xiu,TANG Li,ZHENG Yi. Effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on the available phosphorus contents in rhizospheric soil and phosphorus uptake by crops under different phosphorus levels[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2019, 25(7): 1157-1165. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18346 |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Meng-yao XIAO Jing-xiu TANG Li ZHENG Yi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】The purpose of the study was investigating the effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on the available phosphorus (P) contents in rhizospheric soil and P uptake by crops, in order to increase utilization rates of P fertilizers. 【Methods】Field trials were conducted on arable red soil in Pilot Base of Yunnan Agricultural University in 2016 and 2017. The tested wheat cultivar was Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yunmai-52 and fafa bean cultivar was Vicia faba L. cv. Yuxidalidou. The three P application rates were: P2O5 0 (P0), P2O5 45 kg/hm2 (P45) and 90 kg/hm2 (P90). The planting patterns included mono-cropped wheat (MW), mono-cropped faba bean (MF), and wheat-faba bean intercropping (I). The rhizosphere soil samples were taken at tillering, joining, heading, filling and maturity stages of wheat, and at branching, flowering, podding, seed filling and harvesting stages of faba bean every year for determining available P contents in rhizosphere.The grain yields of wheat and faba bean were weighed, and the P contents in aboveground parts of crops were measured. The land equivalent ratios (LER) and phosphorous agronomy efficiencies were calculated.【Results】Compared to monocropping, the grain yields of intercropped wheat in P0, P45 and P90 treatments were increased by 12.5%, 21.7%, and 17.3%, respectively in 2016, while the seed yields of intercropped faba bean were decreased by 16.8%, 11.7%, and 8.2% respectively in 2017. The land equivalent ratio (LER) ranged from 0.95 to 1.18, showing land use advantages of intercropping over monocropping. The yields of intercropped wheat and faba bean were not declined in the P45 treatment, compared to corresponding monocropping in P90 treatment. Intercropping had no significant effect on available P contents in wheat rhizosphere (except at the mature stage in 2016), but decreased those in the faba bean rhizosphere by 20.8%, 44.5% and 18% in 2017 at the branching, flowering and podding stages of faba bean, as compared to those of MF. Meanwhile, the available P contents in the rhizosphere of intercropped wheat and faba bean under P45 rate were not reduced as compared to those of monocropping wheat and faba bean under P90 rate. The total P uptake by wheat and faba bean were mainly regulated by P rates, not by the planting patterns, and there was no difference in the agronomy efficiency of P fertilizers between mono-cropped and intercropped wheat.【Conclusions】Under the tested conditions, intercropping could increase wheat grain yield but decrease faba bean yield, and increase the general land use efficiencies. The intercropping has impact on the available P contents in the rhizosphere mainly at early growth stages of faba bean, so has no effect on the P uptake by crops. Wheat and faba bean intercropping shows potential to reduce P application rate while sustain crop yields and rhizosphere available P. |
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| Keywords: | wheat and faba bean intercropping available phosphorus in rhizospheric soil phosphorus uptake phosphorus agronomy efficiency |
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