| 湘西植烟土壤pH时空变异及其主要驱动因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 李强,闫晨兵,田明慧,向德明,蒲文宣,黎娟. 湘西植烟土壤pH时空变异及其主要驱动因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1743-1751. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18419 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李强 闫晨兵 田明慧 向德明 蒲文宣 黎娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.湖南农业大学农学院，湖南长沙 410128 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖南省烟草公司项目（XX16-18Aa02）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究湘西州烟区土壤pH时空变异特征，为湘西烟区土壤pH调节提供科学依据。【方法】以湘西州2000年和2015年耕层土壤pH值为研究对象，利用多元统计学和地统计学方法分析了土壤pH时空变异特征及其影响因素。【结果】湘西植烟土壤pH均值由6.21下降至6.12，同时表现出最小值变小，而变异系数、最大值、极差均变大的规律，说明湘西植烟土壤pH在大幅下降的同时，其变异也在增大。地学统计分析结果显示，2000年和2015年植烟土壤pH空间结构模型分别符合指数模型和球状模型，Moran’s I变小，分形维数变大，块金效应由58.17%增加至64.13%，表明空间变异主要由结构因子和随机因子共同决定，且随机因子的影响效应在增强；空间分布表现为不同等级插花状分布，土壤pH“极低”、“低”、“高”和“极高”等级的面积显著增加，分别增加了2.61、6.48、4.39和0.17个百分点，而“适宜”等级的面积则下降了13.65个百分点。影响因素的分析结果显示，交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有机质、粘粒 (< 0.002 mm)、粉粒 (0.02～0.002 mm) 和碱解氮是植烟土壤pH的主控因素，7项指标对植烟土壤pH的累计解释能力达83.8%，其中以交换性钙的独立解释能力最大，可解释其变异的60.6%，交换性钙、交换性镁和有机质为主要控酸因子，有效硫和碱解氮为土壤主要致酸因子。【结论】长期施用不同化学肥料和有机物料，湘西植烟土壤的pH变异程度在加大，适宜等级的土壤面积总体上减少。交换性钙是土壤pH升高的主要驱动因素，而有效硫和碱解氮是土壤pH降低的主要驱动因素。因此，湘西植烟土壤需要增加含钙物料的投入，控制含硫物料的投入以及化学氮肥的使用，以维持土壤的可持续利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 湘西 植烟土壤 pH 时空变异 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-10-24 |
Spatio temporal variability of soil pH and main impact factors in tobacco-planting soils in Xiangxi area |
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| LI Qiang,YAN Chen-bin,TIAN Ming-hui,XIANG De-ming,PU Wen-xuan,LI Juan. Spatio temporal variability of soil pH and main impact factors in tobacco-planting soils in Xiangxi area[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2019, 25(10): 1743-1751. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18419 |
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| Authors: | LI Qiang YAN Chen-bin TIAN Ming-hui XIANG De-ming PU Wen-xuan LI Juan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】To reveal the temporal and spatial variability of soil pH in tobacco-planting areas in Xiangxi, and to provide scientific basis for soil pH regulation.【Methods】The spatial and temporal variability of soil pH and its impact factors in top soil of Xiangxi tobacco-planting soils in 2000 and 2015 were analyzed by multivariate statistics and geostatistics.【Results】The average pH of tobacco planting soils in Xiangxi decreased from 6.21 to 6.12 from 2000 to 2015. The low pH soil became more acid, while high pH soil kept improving, leading to increased coefficient of variation of the soil pH in the whole tested area. Geostatistical analysis showed that the spatial structure models of soil pH for tobacco planting area in 2000 and 2015 fit exponential model and spherical model, respectively. Moran’s I became smaller, fractal dimension became larger, and the nugget effect increased from 58.17% to 64.13%, indicating that spatial variability mainly depends on structural and random factors, and the different pH levels were interlaced in spatial distribution both in 2000 and 2015. The area of soil pH in " very low”, " low”, " high” and " very high” levels was increased by 2.61, 6.48, 4.39 and 0.17 percentage points, respectively, while the area of soil pH in " suitable” level decreased by 13.65 percentage points. Exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available sulfur, organic matter, clays (< 0.002 mm), slits (< 0.02–0.002 mm) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main factors affecting the pH of tobacco-planting soils, and these seven factors explained 83.8% of soil pH variations. Of the seven factors, the exchangeable calcium was the main impact factor which could explain 60.6% of pH variation. Exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and organic matter were the main acid controlling factors, while available sulfur and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main soil acidifying factors.【Conclusions】The difference in long-term application of chemical and organic materials has caused more varied soil pH in the tobacco planting soils across Xiangxi area, with general decrease of pH suitable soil area. The soil acid controlling factors are exchangeable Ca, as well as exchangeable Mg and organic matter, while the soil acidifying factors are available S and N. So sulfur-containing chemicals should be carefully applied, and nitrogen fertilizer input rate should be studied for a sustainable tobacco production in Xiangxi area. |
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