| 风洞环境下喷头及助剂对植保无人飞机喷雾飘移性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 曾爱军,王昌陵,宋坚利,王志翀,黄铭一,何雄奎,Andreas HERBST. 风洞环境下喷头及助剂对植保无人飞机喷雾飘移性的影响[J]. 农药学学报, 2020, 22(2): 315-323. DOI: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2020.0067 |
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| 作者姓名： | 曾爱军 王昌陵 宋坚利 王志翀 黄铭一 何雄奎 Andreas HERBST |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学理学院,北京 100193;Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI,Messeweg 11/12 D-38104 Braunschweig,Germany |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划 (2017YFD0200304)；中德合作研究项目NSFC-DFG (31761133019) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究和减少植保无人飞机喷雾施药过程中的雾滴飘移,采用由单个旋翼与喷头组成的喷雾单元,在可控风洞环境条件下进行了模拟飞行喷雾试验,控制风洞条件为风速5 m/s、喷雾压力0.3 MPa及旋翼转速2300 r/min不变,对比研究了11种喷头、4种代表性助剂以及不同温度/相对湿度条件对雾滴飘移的影响,采用飘移潜在指数(DIX)及相对减飘率(DPRP)两项指标进行对比评估。结果表明:在温度/相对湿度为20℃/RH 80%条件下,不同类型喷头喷雾药液在空中垂直面和水平距离上的飘移沉积量分布均呈现显著的规律性变化趋势,与对照喷头F110-03相比,喷头飘移潜在性从大到小依次为:TR80-0067>ST110-0067>XR110-01>ST110-015>TR80-01>ST110-02>XR110-03>对照F110-03>IDK系列,其中IDK120-01与IDK120-015喷头的减飘移效果相近并为最好;在30℃/RH 40%条件下,采用XR110-01喷头,分别添加助剂0.5%Silwet DRS-60、1.0%"迈飞"(MF)和1.0%Y-20079后,与不添加助剂的对照相比,平均减飘率分别为43.3%、15.6%和5.2%,表明不同助剂对飘移的影响不同,需考虑助剂类型及其减飘效果合理选用;在20℃/RH 40%、20℃/RH 80%、30℃/RH 40%和30℃/RH 60%条件下,XR110-01喷头与添加1.0%MF助剂组合有利于空中飘移的减少,尤其是高温/低湿条件下,添加助剂的减飘移效果较好。该研究结果可为植保无人飞机的喷头选择、喷雾助剂筛选和实际应用提供参考和指导,并为进一步研究喷头及助剂的减飘技术提供数据基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 植保无人飞机 喷头 助剂 风洞 飘移 飘移潜在指数 减飘率 雾滴粒径 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-20 |
Effects of nozzle types,adjuvants and environmental conditions on spray drift potential of unmanned aerial vehicles in a wind tunnel |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China2.Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI, Messeweg 11/12 D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate and reduce spray drift during the use of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), a spray unit consisting of a single rotor and a nozzle was simulated under the controlled wind tunnel conditions (wind speed 5 m/s, spray pressure 0.3 MPa and rotor speed 2 300 r/min). The effects of 11 kinds of nozzles and 4 different adjuvants on droplet drift were investigated. The drift potential index (DIX) and drift potential reduction percentage (DPRP) were also evaluated and compared. The results show that under the condition of 20℃/RH 80%, the drift distribution of different nozzle types in vertical plane and horizontal distance showed a regular change trend. Compared with the reference nozzle F110-03, the order of the drift potential of nozzles from large to small was TR80-0067 > ST110-0067 > XR110-01 > ST110-015 > TR80-01 > ST110-02 > XR110-03 > F110-03 > IDK series. The effect of IDK120-01and IDK120-015 was similar and they were the best ones. Under the wind tunnel condition of 30℃/RH 40% and wind speed of 5 m/s, compared to the control group without adjuvants, the mean drift reduction rates of spray nozzle XR 110-01 with adjuvant of 0.5% Silwet DRS-60, 1.0% "Maifei" (MF) and 1.0% Y-20079 were 43.3%, 15.6% and 5.2%, respectively. The selection of drift reducing adjuvants needs to consider the type of adjuvants and their effects. At the wind tunnel conditions of 20℃/RH 40%, 20℃/RH 80%, 30℃/RH 40% and 30℃/RH 60%, the spray nozzle XR110-01 added with 1.0% MF adjuvant was beneficial to the reduction of airborn drift. Especially, under high temperature and low humidity conditions, it had better drift reduction effect. This study has provided reference and guidance for nozzles selection, adjuvants selection and the field application of UAV for plant protection, and also data basis for the further study of the drift reduction technology of nozzle and adjuvants. |
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| Keywords: | unmanned aerial vehicle nozzle adjuvant wind tunnel spray drift drift potential index drift potential reduction percentage droplet size |
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