| 两大优势产区‘红富士’苹果园土壤和叶片营养诊断研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王富林,门永阁,葛顺峰,陈汝,丁宁,彭福田,魏绍冲,姜远茂. 两大优势产区‘红富士’苹果园土壤和叶片营养诊断研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(14): 2970-2978. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.14.013 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王富林 门永阁 葛顺峰 陈汝 丁宁 彭福田 魏绍冲 姜远茂 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助（CARS-28）、公益性行业（农业）科研专项资金资助（201103003）、山东省农业重大应用创新课题（201009） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】通过对中国环渤海和黄土高原两大优势产区‘红富士’苹果园土壤有效养分和叶片矿质元素含量的测定及营养状况诊断，为苹果园科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】根据土壤有效养分分级标准及叶片DRIS诊断法，采用DPS V7.05软件进行LSD单因素方差分析和差异性显著分析，对两大产区树龄15—20年的高产（＞37 500 kg•hm-2）、低产（＜37 500 kg•hm-2）园土壤和叶片营养状况进行诊断。【结果】环渤海产区土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾有效养分均值分别为10.9 g•kg-1、73.21 mg•kg-1、70.22 mg•kg-1、169.2 mg•kg-1 ；黄土高原产区土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾有效养分均值分别为11.7g•kg-1、56.46 mg•kg-1、14.91 mg•kg-1、135.78 mg•kg-1 ；除有机质外，碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾有效养分含量为环渤海产区高于黄土高原产区；环渤海产区叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo各养分元素含量均值分别为2.73%、0.18%、1.15%、9.63 g•kg-1、2.86 g•kg-1、87.97 mg•kg-1、124.02 mg•kg-1、13.36 mg•kg-1、15.64 mg•kg-1、35.09 mg•kg-1、0.51 mg•kg-1；黄土高原产区叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo各养分元素含量均值分别为2.72%、0.18%、1.17%、10.23 g•kg-1、2.99 g•kg-1、88.69 mg•kg-1、116.39 mg•kg-1、10.85 mg•kg-1、15.94 mg•kg-1、39.55 mg•kg-1、0.51 mg•kg-1。通过DRIS法对两大优势产区叶片营养诊断结果表明，环渤海产区低产园叶片最缺乏的元素为Ca、K，其次是Fe、N、Zn，最不缺乏的是Cu、Mo；黄土高原产区低产园叶片最缺乏的元素是P、K，其次是N、Zn、Cu等,最不缺乏的是B、Ca。【结论】环渤海、黄土高原产区土壤有效养分状况均为有机质中等偏低、缺氮；环渤海产区富P少K；黄土高原产区贫P缺K。低产园叶片诊断表明，黄土高原产区树体营养平衡状况优于环渤海产区，两产区均具有很大的增产潜力。建议环渤海产区增加K、N、Ca、Fe和Zn施用，黄土高原产区增加P、K、N、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe施用，同时重视有机肥施用。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果 黄土高原产区 环渤海产区 土壤 叶片 营养诊断 DRIS |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-12-12 |
Research on Soil and Leaf Nutrient Diagnosis of ‘Red Fuji’ Apple Orchard in Two-Dominant Producing Areas |
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| WANG Fu-Lin,MEN Yong-Ge,GE Shun-Feng,CHEN Ru,DING Ning,PENG Fu-Tian,WEI Shao-Chong,JIANG Yuan-Mao. Research on Soil and Leaf Nutrient Diagnosis of ‘Red Fuji’ Apple Orchard in Two-Dominant Producing Areas[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(14): 2970-2978. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.14.013 |
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| Authors: | WANG Fu-Lin MEN Yong-Ge GE Shun-Feng CHEN Ru DING Ning PENG Fu-Tian WEI Shao-Chong JIANG Yuan-Mao |
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| Affiliation: | College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University /State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Soil available nutrients and leaf mineral elements and nutritional status in ‘Red Fuji’ apple orchards in two dominant producing areas of Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau in China were determined in order to conduct the analysis and diagnosis for ‘Red Fuji’ apple orchard nutritional status for guiding scientific fertilization.【Method】Based on soil available nutrient classification standards and DRIS nutrient diagnosis, soil and leaf samples from high and low yield orchards of 15-20-year old trees of two apple producting areas were analyzed. Differences among treatments were separated by the least significant difference (LSD) test, and One-Way Anova and difference analysis were conducted by DPS V7.05.【Result】The organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis N, available P, available K of soil available nutrient content average values were 10.9 g•kg-1, 73.21 mg•kg-1, 70.22 mg•kg-1, and 169.2 mg•kg-1 in Circum-Bohai, respectively, while the soil available nutrient content average values were 11.7g•kg-1, 56.46 mg•kg-1, 14.91 mg.kg-1, and 135.78 mg•kg-1 in Loess Plateau, respectively. The alkaline hydrolysis N, available P, available K in Circum-Bohai were higher than those in Loess Plateau, except organic matter. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo content of average values were 2.73%, 0.18%, 1.15%, 9.63 g•kg-1, 2.86 g•kg-1, 87.97 mg•kg-1, 124.02 mg•kg-1, 13.36 mg•kg-1, 15.64 mg•kg-1, 35.09 mg•kg-1, and 0.51 mg•kg-1 in Circum-Bohai, respectively. The leaf average values were 2.72%, 0.18%, 1.17%, 10.23 g•kg-1, 2.99 g•kg-1, 88.69 mg•kg-1, 116.39 mg•kg-1, 10.85 mg•kg-1, 15.94 mg•kg-1, 39.55 mg•kg-1, and 0.51 mg•kg-1 in Loess Plateau, respectively. The DRIS diagnostic results in two-dominant producing areas indicated that the most deficient leaves elements were Ca and K in low-yielding orchard of Circum-Bohai, followed by Fe, N, and Zn, and the most wealthy elements were Cu and Mo. The most lacking elements were P and K in Loess Plateau, followed by N, Zn, and Cu, and the most wealthy elements were B and Ca.【Conclusion】It was concluded that the organic contents in two regions were slightly low, the soils are deficient in N. P is rich and K is deficient in soils in Circum-Bohai region, while P is poor and K is deficient in soils in Loess Plateau. Leaf diagnosis of low-yield orchards showed that the nutrition at status of trees in Loess Plateau was better than that of the Circum-Bohai , and both areas had a great potential of production. It was suggested that fertilizer of K, N, Fe, Ca, and Zn in Circum-Bohai should be increased, and fertilizers of K, P, Zn, Cu, and Fe should be increased in Loess Plateau, meanwhile organic manure should be attached to the along with chemical fertilizer. |
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| Keywords: | apple Loess Plateau regions Circum-Bohai regions soil leaf nutrient diagnosis DRIS |
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