| 夏季梨园菊科花卉绿肥化利用潜力评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚单君,张爱华,吴兴洪,冉斌,张钦,朱青,王文华,曹卫东,况胜剑. 夏季梨园菊科花卉绿肥化利用潜力评价[J]. 热带作物学报, 2020, 41(4): 837-844. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.027 |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚单君 张爱华 吴兴洪 冉斌 张钦 朱青 王文华 曹卫东 况胜剑 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/贵州省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳 5500062. 贵州大学,贵州贵阳 5500253. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省社发攻关项目(黔科合[2016]支撑2837);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);贵州省农业科学院青年基金(黔农科院青年基金[2018]-58号) |
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| 摘 要： | 目前菊科花卉大量应用于各种景观打造,本研究通过在梨园种植不同品种菊科花卉,探究其绿肥化利用潜力,同时筛选出较好的品种,为观光农业的可持续发展提供理论和实践基础。以7种常见夏季菊科花卉作为试验材料进行田间试验,通过对比菊科花卉的养分含量和积累量,以及对土壤养分的影响等得出其绿肥化利用潜力大小。结果表明,不同品种菊科花卉在整个生长期生长速率不同,在盛花期时油葵株高及根长均最大,分别为(193.17±20.71)、(18.43±3.72)cm。不同花卉开花性状及开花时间各不相同,但在盛花期时花序面积均能完全覆盖地面,具有较好的观赏价值。其中,油葵的花序面积最大,平均每个花序约为(0.088±0.010)m2,百日草花期最长,达107 d。各品种菊科花卉均能通过生长不断积累养分,百日草地上部分氮、磷、钾含量均最高,分别为(2.89±0.07)%、(0.53±0.03)%和(3.27±0.17)%。油葵单位面积干物质量、单位面积氮、磷、钾养分积累量及固碳量显著高于其他处理,分别为(18821.17±568.91)、(396.89±22.74)、(57.35±5.25)、(385.20±22.09)kg/hm及(2820.96±84.49)g/m2。种植不同品种菊科花卉均能对土壤肥力产生不同程度的影响,显著提高土壤有机质,培肥土壤,提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量。综合各肥效指标及操作便利性得出,在梨园7个品种菊科花卉绿肥化利用潜力大小依次为：小葵子>高秆波斯菊>百日草>矮秆波斯菊>高秆硫华菊>矮秆硫华菊>油葵,因此,在梨园可选择种植小葵子、高秆波斯菊和百日草作绿肥化利用,兼顾美观和生态。
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| 关 键 词： | 梨园 菊科花卉 绿肥化利用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-08-05 |
Evaluation of the Potentiality of Asteraceae Flowers as Green Manure in Summer Pear Orchard |
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| YAO Danjun,ZHANG Aihua,WU Xinghong,RAN Bin,ZHANG Qin,ZHU Qing,WANG Wenhua,CAO Weidong,KUANG Shengjian. Evaluation of the Potentiality of Asteraceae Flowers as Green Manure in Summer Pear Orchard[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(4): 837-844. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.027 |
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| Authors: | YAO Danjun ZHANG Aihua WU Xinghong RAN Bin ZHANG Qin ZHU Qing WANG Wenhua CAO Weidong KUANG Shengjian |
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| Abstract: | Asteraceae flowers are widely used in various landscapes. The research aims to explore the potential of green manure utilization by planting different varieties of Asteraceae flowers in pear orchards, and choose out better varieties to provide theory and practice for the sustainable development of tourism agriculture. Seven common summer Asteraceae flowers were used as the experimental materials. The potential of green manure utilization was obtained by comparing the content and accumulation of nutrients and the effects on soil nutrients. The growth rate of different species of Asteraceae in different growth stages was different. The plant height and root length of oil sunflower were the highest at the blossom stage, which was (193.17±20.71) and (18.43±3.72)cm, respectively. The flower traits and flower blossom time of different flowers were different, but the inflorescence area could completely cover the ground during the blossom period, which had a good ornamental value. Among them, the inflorescence area of oil sunflower was the largest, and the average inflorescence was about (0.088±0.010)m2, and zinnia had the longest flowering period of 107 days. All varieties of Asteraceae flowers could accumulate nutrients in growth. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the aboveground part of zinnia was the highest, which was (2.89±0.07)%, (0.53±0.03)% and (3.27±0.17)% respectively. The dry matter quality, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation and carbon sequestration per unit area of oil sunflower were significantly higher than that of other treatments, which was (18821.17±568.91) (396.89±22.74), (57.35±5.25) and (385.20±22.09)kg/hm2, (2820.96±84.49)g/m2, respectively. Varieties of Asteraceae flowers could affect the soil fertility, and significantly improve soil organic matter, fertilize soil, and increase soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Based on the comprehensive fertilizer efficiency indicators and the convenience of operation, the sequence of green manure utilization potential of seven species of Asteraceae in pear orchards was: small sunflower > high-pole cosmos > zinnia > dwarf cosmos > high-pole sulphur > dwarf sulphur > oil sunflower. Therefore, taking into account both the beauty and ecology, small sunflower, high-pole cosmos and zinnia could be plantedin the pear orchards. |
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| Keywords: | pear orchard Asteraceae flower green manure utilization |
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