| 传统绿肥贵州山地景观化利用潜力评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 张钦,姚单君,吴兴洪,冉斌,张爱华,王文华,况胜剑,朱青,曹卫东. 传统绿肥贵州山地景观化利用潜力评价[J]. 热带作物学报, 2020, 41(7): 1477-1483. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.026 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张钦 姚单君 吴兴洪 冉斌 张爱华 王文华 况胜剑 朱青 曹卫东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/贵州省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳 5500062.贵州大学,贵州贵阳 5500253.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合[2016]支撑2837);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2020] 1Y026号);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了促进贵州观光农业与生态环境的协调发展,本研究对传统绿肥贵州山地景观化利用潜力进行评价。以贵州主要种植的传统绿肥光叶苕子（Vicia villosa var.）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）、箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）、肥田萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）、山黧豆（Lathyrus cicera L.）、油葵（Oil-sunflower）、二月兰[Orychophragmus violaceus （L.） O.E. Schulz]为研究对象,分析其花朵时空分布特征、花朵视觉特性等景观效益,以及各绿肥作物的生长特性及养分效益。二月兰的开花时间最早,随后是肥田萝卜、山黧豆、紫云英,接着是光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆,而油葵是夏季绿肥,初花期为6月中旬,花穗期17~43 d,花期长短表现依次为二月兰>肥田萝卜>油葵>光叶苕子>紫云英>山黧豆>箭筈豌豆。花朵分布高度为油葵150~200 cm、肥田萝卜75~95 cm、二月兰与光叶苕子及箭筈豌豆25~50 cm、紫云英和山黧豆15~25 cm。单株花朵数光叶苕子最多。单朵花面积油葵最大。单株花面积光叶苕子最大。结合观光与保育目标,可利用绿肥作物打造2—3月间的二月兰蓝紫色花海,3—4月间的紫云英紫红色花海、肥田萝卜白色花海,4月间的光叶苕子紫色花海,6—7月间的油葵黄色花海,以丰富贵州观光休闲农业的观光色调,延长观光时间,实现观光品牌的多样化。
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| 关 键 词： | 绿肥 景观 山地 农业 效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-09 |
Evaluation of Landscape Utilization Potential of Traditional Green Manure in Guizhou |
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| ZHANG Qin,YAO Danjun,WU Xinghong,RAN Bin,ZHANG Aihua,WANG Wenhua,KUANG Shengjian,ZHU Qing,CAO Weidong. Evaluation of Landscape Utilization Potential of Traditional Green Manure in Guizhou[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(7): 1477-1483. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.026 |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qin YAO Danjun WU Xinghong RAN Bin ZHANG Aihua WANG Wenhua KUANG Shengjian ZHU Qing CAO Weidong |
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| Abstract: | To develop sightseeing agriculture and ecological environment and evaluate the utilization potential of mountain landscapes of traditional green manures in Guizhou, seven traditional green manures, Vicia villosa var., Astragalus sinicus L., Vicia sativa L., Raphanus sativus L., Lathyrus cicera L., Oil-sunflower, Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz, were studied. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, visual characteristics of flowers and other landscape benefits, as well as the growth characteristics and nutrient benefits of green manure crops were analyzed. The flowering time of O. violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz was the earliest, followed by R. sativus L., L. cicera L., A. sinicus L., V. villosa var., V. sativa L. Oil-sunflower was summer green manure. Its initial flowering stage was in mid-June and its florescence was 17-43 days. The length of flowering was O. violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz > R. sativus L. > Oil Sunflower > V. villosa var. > A. sinicus L. > L. cicera L. > V. sativa L. Oil-sunflower, R. sativus L. was 150-200 cm, 75-95 cm high, respectively. O. violaceus (L.) O.E. Schulz, V. villosa var., V. sativa L. was 25-50 cm high. A. sinicus L., L. cicera L. was 15-25 cm high. V. villosa var. had the most flowers, and Oil-sunflower had the largest flower area. V. villosa var. was the largest in the area of a plant. With regard to the goal of sightseeing and conservation, blue-violet O. violaceus (L.) O.E. Schulz could be planted between February to March, purplish red As. sinicus L., white R. sativus L. could be planted between March and April, and purple V. villosa var. could be planted in April, yellow Oil-sunflower could be planted in June and July, which would enrich the color of Guizhou sightseeing agriculture, prolong the sightseeing time and diversify the tourism brand. |
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| Keywords: | green manure scenery mountain agriculture benefit |
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