Phylogenetic and epidemiological characteristics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Shandong Province,China from 2019 to 2021 |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Yi-ran ZHAO Yu-zhong LIU Si-dang XIAO Yi-hong LI Ning LIU Kui-hao MENG Fan-liang ZHAO Jun LIU Meng-da LI Bao-quan |
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| Affiliation: | 1 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R.China2 Division of Zoonoses Surveillance, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266033, P.R.China |
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| Abstract: | H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has widely circulated in poultry worldwide and sporadic infections in humans and mammals. During our surveillance of chicken from 2019 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China, we isolated 11 H9N2 AIVs. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the eight gene segments of the 11 isolates were closely related to several sublineages of Eurasian lineage: BJ/94-like clades (HA and NA genes), G1-like clades (PB2 and M genes), and SH/F/98-like clades (PB1, PA, NP and NS genes). The isolates showed mutation sites that preferentially bind to human-like receptors (HA) and mammalian fitness sites (PB2, PB1 and PA), as well as mutations in antigen and drug resistance sites. Moreover, studies with mice revealed four isolates with varying levels of pathogenicity. The average antibody titer of the H9N2 AIVs was 8.60 log2. Based on our results, the epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 AIVs should be strengthened. |
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| Keywords: | influenza virus phylogenetic analyses mutation sites pathogenicity antibody titer epidemiological surveillance |
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