| 不同水氮处理对棉田氮素平衡及土壤硝态氮移动的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王平,陈新平,张福锁,田长彦. 不同水氮处理对棉田氮素平衡及土壤硝态氮移动的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(5): 946-955. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.05.011 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王平 陈新平 张福锁 田长彦 |
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| 作者单位： | (中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲生态与荒漠重点实验室) |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部公益性行业项目(200803030); 中国科学院西部之光项目(RCPY200803) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探讨不同水氮管理策略对高产棉田氮素平衡及氮素移动的影响。【方法】设置田间小区试验,研究了常规灌水＋常规施氮、优化灌水＋优化施氮、常规灌水＋优化施氮、优化灌水＋优化施氮、常规灌水+不施氮处理条件下的棉田氮素平衡和土壤硝态氮动态。【结果】在常规水氮管理条件下,收获后表观损失量高达163—294 kg?hm-2,60—200 cm土层中硝态氮含量较播前有大幅增加,增量与表观损失的比值达到0.39—0.69;优化水氮管理条件下表观损失量仅为19—87 kg?hm-2;常规水氮处理不同层次土壤剖面上均呈现出硝态氮的积累,而且随灌水量加大累积峰下移,优化水氮管理土壤剖面硝态氮累积程度较小。【结论】在常规施氮体系中氮素的表观损失率达52%—68％,氮素随水移动到根层以下是重要的损失途径之一;本试验中采用的优化水氮管理方法显著减少了硝态氮的淋移损失。
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| 关 键 词： | 棉花 氮素 水分 养分平衡 硝态氮 |
| 收稿时间： | 2010-06-23; |
Effect of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Strategies on Nitrogen Balance and Soil Nitrate Movement of High-Yield Cotton System |
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| WANG Ping,CHEN Xin-ping,ZHANG Fu-suo,TIAN Chang-yan. Effect of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Strategies on Nitrogen Balance and Soil Nitrate Movement of High-Yield Cotton System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(5): 946-955. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.05.011 |
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| Authors: | WANG Ping CHEN Xin-ping ZHANG Fu-suo TIAN Chang-yan |
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| Affiliation: | WANG Ping1,CHEN Xin-ping2,ZHANG Fu-suo 2,TIAN Chang-yan 1(1Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,2College of Resource and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094) |
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| Abstract: | 【objective】 It is of great importance to study the effect of different water and nitrogen management strategies on the nitrogen balance and nitrate movement in soil profile. 【Method】 In a field experiment, the nitrogen balance and nitrate movement in soil profile of conventional irrigation + conventional N application, optimized irrigation + conventional N application, conventional irrigation + optimized N application, optimized irrigation + optimized N application were studied. 【Result】 The result showed that the optimized irrigation and fertilization strategy based on soil nitrate quick testing and soil moister measurement could dramatically reduce N losses from 163-294 kg?hm-2 to 19-87 kg?hm-2. Under conventional treatment, nitrate accumulation were greatly increasing in 60-200 cm soil profile after harvesting, and the ratio of nitrate accumulation amount to apparent N losses within 0.39-0.69. According to the results of nitrate movement process, nitrate accumulation become evident in soil profile of conventional N application, but not evident in optimized one. 【Conclusion】 Apparent N losses can be 52%-68% in conventional N application system, nitrate leaching out of root layer is one of important loss way. Optimized N application system in this experiment can dramatically reduce nitrate leaching. |
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| Keywords: | cotton nitrogen water nitrogen balance nitrate |
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