| 新疆核桃主栽品种开花及散粉特性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张强. 新疆核桃主栽品种开花及散粉特性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(1): 104-109. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1913 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张强 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆林业科学院经济林研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 2013年国家财政林业公益性专项基金课题“新疆特色林果提质增效关键技术研究与示范”（201304701）；2014年中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目 “新疆早实核桃提质增产技术示范与推广” |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】对新疆主栽核桃品种的开花物候期、花粉活力和散粉规律方面进行研究，旨在揭示开花及散粉规律，对提高授粉受精效果以及科学配置授粉树提供依据。【方法】以新疆‘新新2’、‘温185’ 两个主栽早实核桃品种为材料，在花期通过对花粉量统计测算，花粉活力测定、开花物候期观测、花期散粉量和日散粉量测定等研究。【结果】⑴两个品种每花蕾中花粉粒个数，‘温185’平均为7.70万粒，‘新新2’ 平均为7.14万粒。⑵两个主栽品种散粉量在空间方向基本一致，依次为：南部＞东部＞西部＞北部＞内部；同一方向散粉量，中部＞内部＞外部。⑶平均气温20―24℃是两个主栽品种最为适宜的核桃散粉温度。⑷‘新新2’与‘温185’ 雌雄花期可遇，同为约4d，但‘新新2’可进行自花授粉，而‘温185’因雌花失去可授性，不能进行自花授粉。【结论】温度在核桃散粉的过程中起着重要的作用；雄花在树冠不同空间方位存在散粉差异；自然条件下‘新新2’可进行自花授粉。
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| 关 键 词： | 抗氧化 抗氧化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-07-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015-01-07 |
The Research of Flowering and pollens scattering regularities for the Two Main-plant Varieties of the Walnut in XinJiang |
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| Affiliation: | Zhang Qiang;Ning Wanjun;Liao Kang;Huang Minmin;Wang Guo’an;Economic Forest Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences;Research Center for Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Tree, Xinjiang Agricultural University; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: In order to reveal the regulation of the walnuts’flowering and spreading-powder and to provide basis for improving effects on their pollination and fecundation and arranging pollination trees scientifically, the study was done on the blooming phenophase, pollen viability and the regulation of spreading-powder about the main planted varieties of the walnut in Xinjiang. Using the two main-planted early bearing walnuts varieties of ‘Xinxin 2’ and ‘Wen 185’ in Xinjiang as materials, these studies were done on computing the quantities of pollen, measuring the pollen’s vitality, observing the blossom phenological, measuring the quantities of spreading-powder in total and in a day during the florescence. The results indicated that the numbers of anther in every bud about the‘Wen185’and ‘Xinxin2’ were average 77000 and 71400 grains individual. (2) The two main planted varieties’ quantity of spreading-powder were consistent in space: southern>eastern>western> northern>internal successively, but in the same direction: it was central> internal> outside. (3) The optimum temperature about the two main varieties’ spreading-powder was 20℃ to 24℃. (4) The male and female flowers of ‘Xinxin2’ and‘Wen185’ were synchronization, which was about 4 days. The flowers of ‘Xinxin 2’ could be self-pollination, but the female flowers of ‘Wen185’ lost its receptivity, so failed to be self-pollination. The temperature played a important role in walnuts’ spreading-pollen. It existed difference in spreading-pollen when the male flowers distributed the different space in tree crown. The ‘Xinxin 2’ could be self-pollination under the natural conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Juglans regia pollen pollen shedding |
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