| 世界主要国家精准农业发展概况及对中国的发展建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈媛媛, 游炯, 幸泽峰, 胡华浪, 梅国涛, 石智峰, 刘海启. 世界主要国家精准农业发展概况及对中国的发展建议[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(11): 315-324. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.11.036 |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈媛媛 游炯 幸泽峰 胡华浪 梅国涛 石智峰 刘海启 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.农业农村部耕地利用遥感重点实验室/农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京 100121;2.潍柴雷沃重工股份有限公司,潍坊 260000 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目（ZZYFXKFZ201904）;国家重点研发计划（2016YFB0501505） |
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| 摘 要： | 中国是一个农业生产和消费大国,同时也面临着投入产出比率相对较低、环境污染等一系列问题,尤其在国际形势变化、自然灾害频发的背景下,中国传统农业生产方式亟需转型升级.在人工智能、物联网、云平台等新兴技术的带动下,精准农业孕育而生,成为了全球农业实现绿色、高产的有效途径.该文瞄准世界精准农业发展较好的发达国家和地区,通过文献...
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| 关 键 词： | 精准农业 信息技术 战略与政策 发达国家和地区 中国 发展建议 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-05-08 |
Review of precision agriculture development situations in the main countries in the world and suggestions for China |
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| Chen Yuanyuan, You Jiong, Xing Zefeng, Hu hualang, Mei Guotao, Shi Zhifeng, Liu Haiqi. Review of precision agriculture development situations in the main countries in the world and suggestions for China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(11): 315-324. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.11.036 |
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| Authors: | Chen Yuanyuan You Jiong Xing Zefeng Hu hualang Mei Guotao Shi Zhifeng Liu Haiqi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Use, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100121, China;2.Weichai Lovol Heavy Industry Co., Ltd, Weifang 260000, China |
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| Abstract: | It is needed to solve the problems such as relatively low input-output ratio and environmental pollution for Chinese agriculture, with the large amount of agricultural production and consumption. In the background of changing international situation and frequent natural disasters, transforming traditional agricultural production methods in China is an urgent. Driven by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, cloud platform, automatic control, and new generation communication and so on, precision agriculture came out and was undoubtedly an effective way. Precision agriculture has become a common choice for developing sustainable and high-yield agriculture around the world. In order to obtain the development orientation of precision agriculture and successful practices in the world, this paper reviews the studies on precision agriculture developing status. The aim of this paper is to refine the experiences of precision agriculture developing in the main developed countries and regions and take a look at the precision agriculture development in China. Adopting the method of systematic literature analyzing and summary, Section 1 studies the development status of precision agriculture in the main developed countries and regions, such as America, Japan, European Union and Israel. The idea of precision agriculture was first proposed in America. Until today, America has developed mature precision agriculture system, which benefits from the highly developed technologies. Considering the serious contradiction between large population and less farmland, during 1970s, Japan took measures of consolidating farmland on a large scale and building farmland infrastructure and so on to improve the agricultural production conditions. The agricultural community was also formed to operate collaboratively the agricultural production. The development of precision agriculture in European Union is driving by digital technologies. The water-saving agriculture represented by drip-irrigation and sprinkler-irrigation has made remarkable results in Israel. The development experiences of precision agriculture in the main developed countries and regions enlighten us that: 1) the leading by government is the key; 2) the informatization construction is the foundation; 3) the advanced technology is the core; 4) the cultivation of new type of farmers is the guarantee. Section 2 analyzed the basements and weaknesses for developing precision agriculture in China. The weaknesses are the emphasis in this section. First, the farmland in China is scattered and the infrastructure is not perfect. Taking the informatization perspective, even though number of agriculture related information systems exist, the data and information are not interoperable between these systems. Second, at the present stage, we cannot acquire the temporal and spatial continuous agricultural information due to the rarity domestic satellite data and ground sensors for agriculture monitoring. Third, automatic variable operating system and equipment are lacking since the technology integration of information technology, communication and agricultural machine has not been achieved. Fourth, insufficient high-quality agricultural talents. Facing these weakness and Chinese conditions, Section 3 provided five suggestions to develop precision agriculture in China. Firstly, our government should overall plan and give guarantee in police making, infrastructure construction and financial support, etc. Secondly, we should improve the agricultural production condition through expanding moderately the operating scale of farmland and constructing the field infrastructure net and the national agricultural information platform. Thirdly, the key technology research, such as the information retrieval using remote sensing and technology integration of communication, automatic controlling, spatial information and smart machinery must be focused. Fourthly, the new type of personnel in agricultural field can be cultivated. Fifthly, pilot demonstration can be carried out according to the regional difference. |
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| Keywords: | precision agriculture information technology strategy and policy developed countries and regions China suggestion |
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