| 滴灌氮肥用量对设施菜地硝态氮含量及环境质量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李若楠,武雪萍,张彦才,王丽英,李孝兰,陈丽莉,翟凤芝. 滴灌氮肥用量对设施菜地硝态氮含量及环境质量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(6): 1642-1651. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0632 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李若楠 武雪萍 张彦才 王丽英 李孝兰 陈丽莉 翟凤芝 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京 100081; |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】滴灌施肥较传统施肥更为精准的将肥水输送至作物的根区,减少肥料的用量,降低土壤水分和养分深层渗漏带来的环境风险。本试验研究滴灌管理下不同氮肥(N)用量对设施菜地供氮能力及环境质量的影响,以期获得滴灌水肥一体化管理条件下最佳施氮用量。【方法】采用日光温室冬春茬黄瓜-秋冬茬番茄轮作,共设计4个化肥氮用量梯度(N_0、N_1、N_2、N_3,对应冬春茬黄瓜季施氮0、300、600、900 kg/hm~2;秋冬茬番茄季施氮0、225、450、675 kg/hm2)3年定位研究比较不同氮用量下0-100 cm土体硝态氮、电导率(EC_(5:1))、pH动态变化计算了各施氮水平下设施蔬菜生产的氮素表观平衡、氮肥利用率和经济效益。【结果】随着种植年限的延长,N_2和N_3处理0-100 cm土体硝态氮和盐分积累显著土壤硝态氮含量分别由2008年黄瓜季季平均14.4~31.1和14.9~41.0 mg/kg增至2010年番茄季季均76.4~119.8和129.0~184.5 mg/kg,分别增加了1.9~5.1和3.5~7.7倍;两处理EC。分别由2008年黄瓜季季平均379.6~514.3和407.0~476.7S/cm增至2010年番茄季季平均663.0~1212.4和710.0~1359.6μS/cm分别增加了0.3~1.8和0.5~2.0倍。与N_2和N_3处理相比,N_1处理节氮50%~66.7%,经过三年的种植0-100cm土层季均硝态氮含量和EC_(5:1)分别下降了35.5%~67.4%和6.0%~25.2%,pH增加0.06~0.18,氮肥利用率显著增加9.0~13.8个百分点而种植蔬菜的经济效益未有显著下降。【结论】温室滴灌冬春茬黄瓜一秋冬茬番茄经济施氮量分别为N 300和225kg/hm~2,既能保证3年5季蔬菜根层(0-60 cm)土层硝态氮处于相对适宜水平,具有较好的经济和环境效益。
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| 关 键 词： | 蔬菜 施氮量 土壤硝态氮含量 EC pH |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-12-15 |
Nitrate nitrogen contents and quality of greenhouse soil applied with different N rates under drip irrigation |
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| LI Ruo-nan,WU Xue-ping,ZHANG Yan-cai,WANG Li-ying,LI Xiao-lan,CHEN Li-li,ZHAI Feng-zhi. Nitrate nitrogen contents and quality of greenhouse soil applied with different N rates under drip irrigation[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2015, 21(6): 1642-1651. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0632 |
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| Authors: | LI Ruo-nan WU Xue-ping ZHANG Yan-cai WANG Li-ying LI Xiao-lan CHEN Li-li ZHAI Feng-zhi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081,China; |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Drip irrigation could effectively inhibit nutrient leakage as water and nutrients can be accurately sent to close the crop root zone. In this paper, the soil mineral N contents and environmental qualities were detected under different N rates and drip irrigation, to provide a base for efficient N management in vegetable production. 【Methods】 A three-years' feild experiment was conducted with winter-spring cucumber and autumn-winter tomato double cropping system in a greenhouse. Four N rates were applied as 0, 300, 600, 900 kg/hm2 for cucumber and 0, 225, 450, 675 kg/hm2 for tomato under drip irrigation (correspondingly recorded as N0, N1, N2, N3). The mineral nitrogen contents, salinity (EC5∶1) and acidity (pH) of 0-100 cm soil depth were investigated, and the economic and environmental efficiencies of N were calculated.【Results】 As the elongation of the cropping year, the NO3--N contents under N2 and N3 treatments in 0-100 cm soil profile were significantly increased from 14.4-31.1 and 14.9-41.0 mg/kg in cucumber season in 2008, respectively, to 76.4-119.8 and 129.0-184.5 mg/kg in tomato season in 2010, respectively, increased by 0.3-1.8 and 0.5-2.0 times respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC5∶1) of 0-100 cm soil profile under N2 and N3 was significantly increased from 379.6-514.3 and 407.0-476.7 S/cm, respectively, to 663.0-1212.4 and 710.0-1359.6 S/cm of tomato season in 2010, respectively, increased by 0.3-1.8 and 0.5-2.0 times. The N rates in N1 was 33.3%-50% of N2 and N3. Compared with N2 and N3, the NO3--N content and EC5∶1 of N1 decreased by 35.5%-67.4% and 6.0%-25.2% after three years cultivation, and the pH and NUE increased by 0.06-0.18 unit and 9.0-13.8 percentage points.【Conclusions】 Under this condition, the proper N rate for winter-spring cucumber and autumn-winter tomato was recommend as N 300 and 225 kg/hm2. In most crop seasons (5 seasons), the NO3--N contents in 0-60 cm depth were in the proper range for cucumber and tomato growth, and no significant accumulation of NO3--N was observed below 60 cm in the soil under this recommended N rate. |
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