| 授粉方式与蜂群群势对杂交大豆授粉效果的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 武文卿,申晋山,马卫华,宋怀磊,宋卓琴,张旭凤,邵有全. 授粉方式与蜂群群势对杂交大豆授粉效果的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(5): 5-9. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090123 |
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| 作者姓名： | 武文卿 申晋山 马卫华 宋怀磊 宋卓琴 张旭凤 邵有全 |
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| 作者单位： | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家公益性行业（农业）专项“蜜蜂授粉增产技术集成与示范”(201203080)；国家农业技术体系专项资金“现代农业产业技术体系（蜜蜂）建设”；山西省科技攻关项目“蜜蜂授粉在杂交大豆制种中的应用”(20130311006-5)；山西省农业科学院科技攻关项目“诱导蜜蜂采集技术及其在大豆杂交的应用”(2013gg43)；山西省软科学研究项目“欠发达地区经济发展与生态系统保护耦合政策措施研究”(2015041019-4)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为提高大豆不育系的异交结实率，研究了授粉方式与蜂群群势对杂交大豆产量与品质的影响。采用人工授粉、自然授粉和蜜蜂授粉3 种方式，小蜂箱蜂脾1 脾、2 脾、3 脾3 种蜂群的群势对网室杂交大豆进行授粉。统计分析大豆花期采集蜂数量、采集蜂出勤规律、不同节位的结荚率、父母本大豆产量性状，比较3 个处理方式的授粉效果。随着网室内蜜蜂脾数的增加，出勤采集蜜蜂数量也随之增加，蜜蜂访花最活跃的时间均集中在9:00—13:00。不论是自然授粉还是蜜蜂授粉，都表现为母本中上部节位的结荚率高于下部。与自然授粉相比，蜜蜂授粉杂交大豆母本的单株结荚率、单株粒数、十株产量显著提高(P＜0.01)，百粒重有所减少。蜜蜂授粉方式优于自然授粉和人工授粉方式，1 脾蜜蜂授粉区内单株荚数为49.4 个，单株粒数为96.1 个，百粒重为20.8 g，十株产量为196.6 g。蜜蜂授粉提高了母本的大豆结籽产量，小蜂箱1脾（即标准脾0.5脾）蜜蜂即可满足20 m2网室杂交大豆的授粉。
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| 关 键 词： | 非洲橘硬蓟马 非洲橘硬蓟马 MaxEnt 适生性分析 影响因子 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-09-28 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016-01-15 |
Effects of Pollination Methods and Swarm Colony and Structure on Pollination of Hybrid Soybean |
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| Abstract: | In order to improve outcrossing rate of soybean sterile line, effects of pollination methods and swarm colony and structure on production and quality of hybrid soybean was studied. Different methods to pollination of screen house hybrid soybean in this paper. 3 pollination methods were artificial pollination, natural pollination and bee pollination. 3 kinds of colony were 1 comb, 2 combs and 3 combs of small beehive. Through the statistical analysis of flying bee number and activity pattern in soybean florescence, pod rate of different soybean part, yield characters of parents, the effect of three methods were compared. The results showed that with the increase of comb, flying bee number also increase, the most activity time of bee pollination were concentrated in9:00-13:00. Natural pollination and bee pollination all show the pod rate of upper and middle part higher than the lower. Pod rate per plant, total grain number per plant and yield of bee pollination were highly significant differences between with natural pollination (P<0.01). Hundred-grain weight of bee pollination was decreased. Bee pollination was better than natural and artificial pollination. Pod number per plant was 49.4, total grain number per plant was 96.1, hundred-grain weight was 20.8 g, yield of female parent was 196.6 g in test site of 1 comb bee pollination. Bee pollination improve the female parent production, 1 comb of small beehive can meet hybrid soybean pollination of 20 m2 screen house. |
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| Keywords: | hybrid soybean flying bee number pod rate per plant total grain number per plant hundredgrain weight yield |
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