Accompanying ions of ammonium sources and nitrate : ammonium ratios in tomato plants
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| Authors: | Rafael Ferreira Barreto Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz Lucas Aparecido Gaion Renato de Mello Prado Rogério Falleiros Carvalho |
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| Affiliation: | S?o Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Micro‐Tom (MT) is widely used in physiological studies, but the effects of nitrate (  ) and ammonium (  ) ratios (  :  ratios) and, in particular, the effects of the accompanying ions in  sources are unknown. To determine whether the accompanying ions in  sources influence  toxicity, the effects of  :  ratios on the physiology, electrolyte leakage index, nutrition, and dry weight were studied using hydroponics. The  sources were ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], and five  :  ratios were used: 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100. The  source was calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], and the nitrogen (N) concentration was 15 mmol L?1. The results indicate that NH4Cl or (NH4)2SO4 can be used in studies on  toxicity because the accompanying ions did not influence the tomato plants. In addition,  :  ratios of 100 : 0 and 75 : 25 resulted in the highest dry weight of tomato plants, whereas ratios of 25 : 75 or 0 : 100 were toxic. |
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| Keywords: | abiotic stress chlorine Micro‐Tom nitrogen sulfur |
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