| 四川丘陵区玉米机械化生产新技术 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋帆, 徐开未, 胡月秋, 等. 种植密度对川中丘陵春玉米茎秆性状及力学特性的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报（自然科学）, 2020, 35(3): 377-385. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).201908010 |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋帆 徐开未 胡月秋 龙玲 周元 莫太相 钟贤华 陈远学 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.四川农业大学 资源学院，四川 成都 611130;2.中江县农业农村局，四川 德阳 618100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300300）；国家玉米产业技术体系项目（CARS-02-04） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的探究种植密度对春玉米茎秆性状及力学特征的影响，以期为川中丘陵春玉米密植抗倒机制解析提供理论依据。方法以2个玉米品种[耐密品种郑单958 (ZD958)和当地主栽耐密品种仲玉3号(ZY3)]为材料，设置4.50、6.00、7.50和9.00万株/hm2 4个密度处理，研究不同种植密度下玉米倒伏与茎秆性状及力学特性的变化。结果随群体密度增加，玉米株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、第3节间长和倒伏率都显著增大(P＜0.05)，节间粗、单位茎长干物质质量及茎秆压碎强度、抗折力、外皮穿刺强度都显著降低(P＜0.05)。密度每增加0.75万株/hm2，基部第3节间的茎秆压碎强度、抗折力和外皮穿刺强度ZD958分别降低5.48%、8.54%和4.74%，ZY3分别降低5.70%、6.55%和3.09%。品种间表现为ZY3的株高、穗位高、茎节粗长比、单位茎长干物质质量、茎秆力学特征和根倒率均显著高于ZD958 (P＜0.05)，ZY3的穗位高系数和茎折率显著低于ZD958 (P＜0.05)。相关分析表明：倒伏率与茎秆压碎强度、外皮穿刺强度、抗折力呈显著负相关；逐步回归分析表明：玉米茎秆力学特性受单位茎长干物质质量的影响最大，茎折率受穗位高系数的影响最大，而根倒率受株高影响最大。结论种种植密度显著影响玉米的茎秆性状、力学特性和抗倒性能，相比而言，ZY3的抗倒性能比ZD958更优，更适合在川中丘陵区种植，密度以6.00万株/hm2为宜。
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| 关 键 词： | 川中丘陵区 春玉米 种植密度 茎秆性状 抗倒力学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-08-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-03-26 |
Response of yield heterosis to increasing plant density in maize |
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| Fan JIANG, Kaiwei XU, Yueqiu HU, et al. Effect of Planting Density on the Stalk Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Spring Maize in Hilly Region of Central Sichuan[J]. JOURNAL OF YUNNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY（Natural Science）, 2020, 35(3): 377-385. DOI: 10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).201908010 |
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| Authors: | Fan JIANG Kaiwei XU Yueqiu HU Ling LONG Yuan ZHOU Taixiang MO Xianhua ZHONG Yuanxue CHEN |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;2.Zhongjiang County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Deyang 618100, China |
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| Abstract: | ProposeIn order to provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the lodging resistant mechanism of spring maize with high density planting in the hills region of Central Sichuan, effects of planting density on the stalk characteristics and mechanical properties of spring maize were explored.MethodWe set two maize cultivars [Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), the national high density-tolerance cultivar, and Zhongyu3 (ZY3), the local main cultivar] and 4 density treatments (4.50×104, 6.00×104, 7.50×104, and 9.00×104 plants/hm2) to investigate effects of different planting densities on lodging and stalk characteristics and mechanical properties of maize.ResultWith increase of planting density, plant height, ear height, ear height coefficient, internode length, and lodging percentage of maize increased significantly. Internode diameter, ratio of dry weight to length of internode, stalk crushing strength, anti-fracture, and rind penetration strength decreased significantly (P>0.05). With increasing 0.75×104 plants/hm2, the stalk crushing strength, anti-fracture, and rind penetration strength in the third internode of ZD958 reduced 5.48%, 8.54%, and 4.74%, respectively, and those of ZY3 reduced 5.70%, 6.55%, and 3.09%, respectively. Among the cultivars, the plant height, ear height, ratio of internode diameter to length, ratio of dry weight to length of internode, stalk mechanical properties and root lodging percentage of ZY3 were significantly higher than those of ZD958 (P<0.05). The ear height coefficient and stalk breaking percentage of ZY3 were significantly lower than ZD958 (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the lodging percentage was significantly negative correlation with stalk crushing strength, rind penetration strength, and anti-fracture (P<0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed mechanical properties of maize stalk, the stalk breaking percentage, and the root lodging percentage were mainly affected by the ratio of dry weight to length of internode, the ear height coefficient, and the plant height, respectively. ConclusionPlanting density significantly affects the stalk characteristics, mechanical properties, and lodging percentage of maize. With better lodging resistance than ZD958, ZY3 (recommended planting density 6.00×104 plants/hm2) is a better choice for high density planting in hilly region of central Sichuan. |
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| Keywords: | hilly region of Central Sichuan spring maize planting density stalk characteristics lodging resistant mechanism |
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