| 确定经济合理施氮量的新方法:基于施氮量与稻米产量效应函数 |
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| 引用本文： | 彭显龙,车俊杰,宋聪,齐文晶,李鹏飞,刘智蕾,于彩莲. 确定经济合理施氮量的新方法:基于施氮量与稻米产量效应函数[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(7): 1182-1193. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021636 |
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| 作者姓名： | 彭显龙 车俊杰 宋聪 齐文晶 李鹏飞 刘智蕾 于彩莲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200100)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-1-32)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 探究实现水稻高产、优质和氮肥高效的密度与施氮量协同组合。 【方法】 于2018—2019年，在黑龙江省五常市龙凤山乡辉煌村进行田间试验。采用裂区试验方法，以‘五优稻4号’为供试品种。以密度为主区，设置15穴/m2 (D1)和24穴/m2 (D2)；以施氮量为副区，设施氮(N）量为0、75、105、135 kg/hm2 4个水平，分别表示为N0、N75、N105、N135处理。在水稻成熟期，测定了植株地上部干物重、稻谷产量、精米产量、精米率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量、食味值等指标；比较了稻谷产量与精米产量确定的施氮量差异。 【结果】 在D1、D2两个密度下，随着施氮量的增加，稻谷产量、地上部干物重、精米产量都呈先升高后降低的趋势，均在N105达到最大值。除D1密度下N105处理的稻谷产量与N135处理差异不显著外，其余均显著高于其他处理，而N135处理的稻谷产量与N75处理无显著差异，但2018年地上部干物重却显著高于N75处理。随着施氮量的提高，精米蛋白质含量呈现增加趋势，精米率和食味值却呈降低趋势。与N0相比，N135处理精米蛋白质含量平均提高了7.58%，精米率和食味值分别平均降低了8.81%和10.24%。N105处理的氮素回收率显著高于N75和N135处理，农学效率、氮肥生理利用率和偏生产力均显著高于N135处理。D2密度下精米蛋白质含量低于D1密度处理，而精米率和食味品质高于D1密度处理，D2密度下的稻谷产量、氮积累量和精米产量均高于D1密度处理，氮积累量和氮肥偏生产力比D1处理平均提高了40.35%和 40.31%，两个密度间氮肥回收率、农学效率和氮肥生理利用率无明显差异。农户直接出售优质米使经济效益提高了7428元/hm2，D2密度使经济效益额外增加了4229元/hm2。施氮量与稻谷产量、精米产量均呈二次曲线关系，依据施氮量与稻谷产量效应函数，确定经济最佳施氮量为96.4～123.7 kg/hm2；依据施氮量与精米产量效应函数，确定的适宜施氮量为76.2～105.9 kg/hm2。 【结论】 适度密植(24穴/m2)有利于稻谷产量、氮素吸收量的提高，而不影响食味值和精米率。在本试验水稻适宜密植条件下，基于施氮量和精米产量效应函数确定的适宜施氮量为76.2～105.9 kg/hm2，该施氮量的确定方法有利于协同实现稻米高产优质和氮肥减施增效。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 密度 施氮量 产量 品质 氮素利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-08 |
A new method for determining the economic optimum nitrogen application rate: Fertilizer function based on nitrogen rate and milled rice yield |
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| PENG Xian-long,CHE Jun-jie,SONG Cong,QI Wen-jing,LI Peng-fei,LIU Zhi-lei,YU Cai-lian. A new method for determining the economic optimum nitrogen application rate: Fertilizer function based on nitrogen rate and milled rice yield[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2022, 28(7): 1182-1193. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021636 |
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| Authors: | PENG Xian-long CHE Jun-jie SONG Cong QI Wen-jing LI Peng-fei LIU Zhi-lei YU Cai-lian |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 We assessed the synergistic combination of density and nitrogen application rate that promotes superior yield, high-quality and high efficiency in rice. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Huihuang Village, Longfengshan Township, Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province from 2018 to 2019, and the tested rice cultivar was Wu you 4. The transplanting method was artificial transplanting. The main factor treatments were rice seedling density [15 holes/m2 for hand-transplanting (D1) and 24 holes/m2 for machine-transplanting (D2)]; the secondary factor was N rate (0, 75, 105, and 135 kg/hm2). The rice plant dry matter weight of shoot, rice grain yield, milled rice yield, milled rice rate, protein content, amylose content, and taste value were measured at harvest stage. The appropriate N application rates were calculated using rice grain yield and milled rice yield. 【Results】 At both D1 and D2 densities, rice grain yield, dry matter weight of shoot, and milled rice yield showed increment trend first with the increase of N rate, and then decreased at N135 treatment. The grain yield of N105 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, but the difference was not significant between N105 and N135 treatments at D1 density. The grain yield of N135 treatment was similar with that of N75 treatment, but the dry weight of shoot was significantly higher than that of N75 treatment in 2018. The protein content of rice showed an increasing trend with the increase of N rate. Compared with N0, the protein content of N135 treatment was increased by 7.58% on average, and the milled rice rate and taste value decreased by 8.81% and 10.24% on average, respectively. The N105 treatment achieved the highest N fertilizer efficiency indices, which were all significantly higher than those of N135 treatment. The rice had similar N use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of N fertilizer at both D1 and D2 densities. The rice under D2 density recorded higher rice grain yield, N accumulation and milled rice yield than those under D1 density. The N accumulation and partial productivity of N fertilizer under D2 density were 40.35% and 40.31% higher than those under D1 density. The milled rice protein content under D2 density was lower, but the milled rice rate and taste value were higher than those under D1 density. The relationship between N rate and rice yield fit a quadratic curve. The calculated economic optimum N rate, according to rice yield, was 96.4–123.7 kg/hm2, and that calculated according to milled rice yield was 76.2–105.9 kg/hm2. The economic benefit of the enhanced rice quality increased by 7428 yuan/hm2, and extra increased benefit of 4229 yuan/hm2 was achieved with higher planting density under D2. 【Conclusions】 The dense planting (24 holes/m2) can improve grain yield, nitrogen uptake and taste value. The economic optimum nitrogen application rate determined by the nitrogen application rate and milled rice yield effect function is 76.2–105.9 kg/hm2. This method is beneficial to achieve the high yield and high quality of rice and high nitrogen use efficiency while reducing nitrogen application rate. |
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