| 木质素高盐模板碳气凝胶制备及其电化学应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘家冉,郭思勤,赵天畅,许凤. 木质素高盐模板碳气凝胶制备及其电化学应用[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(6): 142-148. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200096 |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘家冉 郭思勤 赵天畅 许凤 |
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| 作者单位： | 生物质化学北京市重点实验室，北京林业大学材料学院，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市级大学生创新训练项目（S201810022067），中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2015ZCQ-CL-01） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】以工业碱木质素和甲醛为原料,在盐的制孔和稳定作用下,水热反应后直接碳化制备多孔碳气凝胶,并检测其结构、理化性质和电化学性能,探究其在超级电容器电极材料中的运用。【方法】将2 g工业碱木质素分别与3种盐(ZnCl2、NaCl、Na2CO3)混合均匀,各加入1.5 mL甲醛,搅拌成黏稠浆状,转移至反应釜中,160℃反应2 h,得到一系列的木质素碳气凝胶(LCA)前驱体,在通氮气保护的管式炉中,以3℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃,保温3 h进行碳化,自然冷却后取出并洗涤,得到LCA。通过比表面积测定(SSA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)表征碳气凝胶的结构和理化性质,将其研磨粉碎后制成超级电容器电极,通过循环伏安测试、恒流充放电测试和开位电路阻抗测试进行电化学储能表征。【结果】以ZnCl2为模板制备的LCA最高比表面积可达711 m^2/g,在SEM下能观察到凝胶状结构,XRD表明LCA以无定形碳为主。在0.2 A/g的电流密度下,比电容达到124 F/g;在10 A/g的高电流密度下,比电容维持在60 F/g,电容保持率约为48%,拥有最佳的倍率性能。【结论】本实验以价格低廉的工业碱木质素为原料,在盐模板下经过水热和碳化过程直接制备LCA。在ZnCl2盐模板下可以制备出高比表面积,以无定形碳为主的LCA,并拥有优良的电化学性能,可用于超级电容器电极材料。该方法绿色环保、操作简单、成本低,具有潜在的工业化利用前景。
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| 关 键 词： | 木质素 高盐模板 碳电极材料 超级电容器 电化学性能 碳气凝胶 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-01 |
Preparation of lignin-based carbon aerogel under hypersaline template and its electrochemical applications |
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| Liu Jiaran,Guo Siqin,Zhao Tianchang,Xu Feng. Preparation of lignin-based carbon aerogel under hypersaline template and its electrochemical applications[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(6): 142-148. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200096 |
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| Authors: | Liu Jiaran Guo Siqin Zhao Tianchang Xu Feng |
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| Affiliation: | Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThe porous carbon aerogel was prepared by hydrothermal reactions of industrial lignin, formaldehyde and salt undercarbonization process. The structure, physicochemical and electrochemical properties were tested to explore its possible applications in supercapacitor electrode materials.MethodAlkali-lignin (2 g) was mixed with three different salts (ZnCl2, NaCl and Na2CO3) following the addition of 1.5 mL of formaldehyde. The mixture was stirred into a thick paste and transferred to the reactor. The temperature was raised to 160 ℃ for 2 hours to produce a series of lignin carbon aerogel (LCA) precursors. In a tube furnace filled with nitrogen, the temperature was raised to 900 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃/min, and the temperature was kept warm for 3 hours for carbonization. Then the product was washed and cooled to obtain LCA. The structure and physicochemical properties of carbon aerogel were characterized by specific surface area (SSA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After being grounded, the carbon aerogel was made into supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochemical energy storage was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, cyclic charge-discharge test and open-circuit impedance test.ResultThe maximum specific surface area of LCA prepared with ZnCl2 as template was 711 m2/g. The gelatinous structure observed under SEM and XRD results revealed that the bulk of LCA was composed of amorphous carbon. Furthermore, at a current density of 0.2 A/g, the specific capacitance reached 124 F/g, however, increasing the current density up to 10 A/g, the specific capacitance remained 60 F/g, with a capacitance retention rate of about 48%, which had the best multiplier performance.ConclusionFinally, LCA was directly prepared by hydrothermal and carbonization process under hypersaline condition with cheap industrial lignin as raw material. LCA dominated by amorphous carbon can be prepared under ZnCl2 salt template. It has high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical performance, which can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitor. This method has the advantages such as environmental friendliness, simple operation and low cost with possible industrial applications. |
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| Keywords: | lignin hypersaline template carbon electrode material supercapacitor electrochemical performance carbon aerogel |
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