| 添加生物炭改善菜地土壤氨氧化细菌群落并提高净硝化率 |
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| 引用本文： | 王先芳,任天志,智燕彩,张贵龙,李洁,王知文. 添加生物炭改善菜地土壤氨氧化细菌群落并提高净硝化率[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3): 502-510. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19254 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王先芳 任天志 智燕彩 张贵龙 李洁 王知文 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国农业科学院科技创新工程；国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFD0800404）；国家自然科学基金项目（41571292）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 氨氧化过程是硝化作用的限速步骤，对氮循环有着重要影响。本研究通过分析生物炭输入下土壤氨氧化微生物群落的变化，揭示其影响土壤硝化作用的生物学机制。 【方法】 以华北潮土区设施菜地土壤为对象，设置生物炭梯度 (C0、C0.5、C1.5、C4.0) 土壤培养试验，结合PCR和T-RFLP等分析技术，观测生物炭输入下土壤氨氧化细菌群落变化动态，解析生物炭、土壤硝化作用与氨氧化细菌群落之间的关系。 【结果】 添加生物炭明显改变了土壤氨氧化微生物群落结构及氮素硝化过程。与未添加生物炭处理相比，生物炭添加处理培养前期土壤氨氧化细菌群落Shannon、Evenness指数分别升高5.4%～18.8%、26.2%～33.8%，后期Shannon指数降低20.7%～34.2%。生物炭输入对AOA群落没有明显影响，AOB群落256、58 bp代表物种丰度分别增加61.4%～56.0%、60.6%～78.6%，488 bp代表物种丰度降低22.8%～26.9%。21 bp代表物种丰度前期增加后期降低，与491 bp代表物种丰度变化相反。添加生物炭土壤AOB amoA基因丰度增加48.9%～53.2%。土壤NO3–-N含量提高1.7%～25.6%，NH4+-N含量下降13.4%～31.1%，土壤净硝化速率提高21.8%～70.2%。 【结论】 生物炭的输入可以改善以AOB为主的土壤氨氧化微生物群落结构，提高amoA酶活性，但是对氨氧化古菌微生物群落结构未产生明显影响。因此，生物炭提高土壤净硝化速率的作用与其对土壤氨氧化细菌群落和组成的影响密切相关。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物炭 土壤 氨氧化微生物 硝化作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-01 |
Biochar application improves ammonia oxidation microbial community and increases net nitrification in vegetable soils |
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| WANG Xian-fang,REN Tian-zhi,ZHI Yan-cai,ZHANG Gui-long,LI Jie,WANG Zhi-wen. Biochar application improves ammonia oxidation microbial community and increases net nitrification in vegetable soils[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2020, 26(3): 502-510. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19254 |
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| Authors: | WANG Xian-fang REN Tian-zhi ZHI Yan-cai ZHANG Gui-long LI Jie WANG Zhi-wen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Ammoxidation process is a rate-limiting step of nitrification and impacts the cycling of nitrogen in soil. By analyzing the changes of soil ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities under the input of biochar to reveal the influence of biochar input on soil nitrification and the biological mechanism. 【Methods】 We set up biochar gradient (C0, C0.5, C1.5, C4.0) soil incubation experiments in northern meadow district. PCR and T-RFLP analysis technology were used for observation of ammonia oxidizing bacterial community dynamic under biochar input soil and analysis of the relationship among biochar, soil nitrification and ammonia oxidizing bacteria. 【Results】 The addition of biochar significantly changed the ammoxidation microbial community structure and nitrogen nitrification process. Compared with C0, the Shannon and Evenness indices of the soil ammonia oxidizing bacteria community were increased by 5.4%–18.8%, 26.2%–33.8%, and the Shannon index were decreased by 20.7%–34.2% in late stage. The biochar input had no significant effect on the AOA community. In the community of AOB, 256 bp and 58 bp represented species abundance were increased by 61.4%–56.0%, 60.6%–78.6%, and 488 bp represented species abundance decreased by 22.8%–26.9%. 21 bp represented species abundance increase at early stage and decrease at the later stage, which was contrary to the change of 491 bp represented species abundance. In biochar added soil, the abundance of AOB amoA gene were increased by 48.9%–53.2%. The content of NO3–-N were increased by 1.7%–25.6%, the content of NH4+-N decreased by 13.4%–31.1%, and the net nitrification rate increased by 21.8%–70.2%. 【Conclusions】 The input of biochar improved the structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing microbial community dominated by AOB and stimulates the activity of amoA enzyme. However, it has no significant effect on the microbial community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The influence of biochar on soil net nitrification rate is closely related to the influence of biochar on soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community composition. |
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