| 气力集排式排肥系统结构优化与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨庆璐, 王庆杰, 李洪文, 何进, 卢彩云, 王英博, 于畅畅. 气力集排式排肥系统结构优化与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(13): 1-10. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.001 |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨庆璐 王庆杰 李洪文 何进 卢彩云 王英博 于畅畅 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学工学院，北京 100083;2.中国农业大学工学院现代农业装备优化设计北京市重点实验室，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200600） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对气力集排式排肥系统与分层深施肥铲配合作业时,进肥口处肥料落入不顺畅以及排肥口处气流速度过大导致肥料弹跳和地表扬尘等问题,该研究通过分析排肥系统各部件结构参数与工作参数之间的关系,对排肥系统进行结构优化,并设计了一种气-肥分离装置,将部分输送气流提前从排肥系统排出,从而降低排肥口处的气流速度,提高进肥口的进料稳定性。通过理论分析和参数计算,确定了排肥系统各组成部件的结构和基本工作参数,分析确定了影响排肥口和进肥口处气流速度的主要因素,并以排肥口和进肥口处的气流速度为试验指标,以气-肥分离装置的排气口面积、排肥系统入口气流速度和施肥速率为试验因素,进行二次正交旋转组合台架试验,建立了试验指标与各影响因素的数学回归模型。通过对试验结果的拟合和优化分析,得到气-肥分离装置排气口面积为798.0mm2。排肥系统入口气流速度为28.10 m/s,施肥速率为0.28 kg/s时,排肥系统排肥口气流速度为5.91 m/s,进肥口气流速度为3.94 m/s,以得到的优化参数进行试验验证,测得排肥系统排肥口气流速度为6.02 m/s,进肥口气流速度为4.11 m/s,排肥系统进肥...
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| 关 键 词： | 机械化 设计 优化 气力集排式 气-肥分离装置 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-07-05 |
Structural optimization and experiment of pneumatic centralized fertilizer system |
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| Yang Qinglu, Wang Qingjie, Li Hongwen, He Jin, Lu Caiyun, Wang Yingbo, Yu Changchang. Structural optimization and experiment of pneumatic centralized fertilizer system[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(13): 1-10. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.001 |
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| Authors: | Yang Qinglu Wang Qingjie Li Hongwen He Jin Lu Caiyun Wang Yingbo Yu Changchang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Design and Optimization in Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, the pneumatic centralized fertilizing and seeding methods were developing rapidly. The pneumatic centralized fertilizing system was mainly used for layered fertilizing operation. The fertilizing pipes of the fertilizer discharging system were connected with the fertilizer outlet of the layered fertilizing shovel. Under the actions of air flow, the fertilizer was transported to the outlet of the fertilizing shovel quickly and remotely, so as to realize the layered application of the fertilizer in the soil. In this paper, in view of the problems such as the fertilizer falling into the inlet was not smooth and the airflow velocity at the outlet was too high, which leading to fertilizer bounce and dust when the fertilizer discharging system and layered deep fertilizing shovel were combined, the relationship between the structure of each part of the fertilizer discharging system and the working parameters was studied through the test-bench of the pneumatic centralized fertilizer discharging system, and the structure of the fertilizing system was optimized. An air-fertilizer separation device was designed, which was installed between the distributor outlet and the fertilizer discharging pipe of the layered deep fertilization shovel, part of the airflow from the fertilizing system was discharged by the air-fertilizer separation device in advance to reduce the airflow velocity at the fertilizer outlet of fertilizing system. The structure and basic working parameters of each component of fertilizing system were determined through theoretical analysis and parameter calculation. In specific, the airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet should be greater than 25 m/s, the diameter of the air-fertilizer conveying pipe, fertilizer inlet and fertilizer outlet was 76, 55 and 20 mm, respectively. The main factors affecting the airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet and inlet of fertilizing system were also determined through analysis. Taking the exhaust outlet area of the air-fertilizer separation device (A), the airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet (B) and the fertilizing rate (C) as the test factors, the quadratic regression rotary orthogonal platform experiment was conducted. According to the test results, the mathematical regression model between the test indexes and the influencing factors was established. The results showed that the exhaust outlet area of air-fertilizer separation device, airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet and fertilizing rate had a significant effect on airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet of fertilizing system, and exhaust outlet area of air-fertilizer separation device had a significant effect on the airflow velocity at inlet of fertilizing system. The optimized parameters were conducted by fitting and optimizing the test results. It was obtained that airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet, fertilizer inlet of fertilizing system was 5.91 and 3.94 m/s, respectively, the exhaust outlet area of the air-fertilizer separation device, airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet and fertilizing rate was 798.0 mm2, 28.10 m/s and 0.28 kg/s, respectively. The verification test results showed that the airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet and fertilizer inlet of the system was 6.02 and 4.11 m/s, the fertilizer at the inlet of the fertilizer discharging system falled smoothly and stably. |
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| Keywords: | mechanization design optimization pneumatic centralized air-fertilizer separation device |
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