| 生物有机肥提高设施土壤生产力减缓黄瓜连作障碍的机制 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 曲成闯,陈效民,张志龙,闾婧妍,嵇晨,张俊. 生物有机肥提高设施土壤生产力减缓黄瓜连作障碍的机制[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(5): 814-823. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18311 |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 曲成闯 陈效民 张志龙 闾婧妍 嵇晨 张俊 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京 210095 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200305）资助。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】针对土壤连作障碍问题,探索高强度连作条件下生物有机肥在减缓土壤连作障碍发生、平衡土壤养分、调控土壤酶活性等方面的作用机制,为生物有机肥在改良土壤、防控黄瓜连作障碍、促进农业可持续发展等方面的应用奠定基础。【方法】以如皋市农业科学研究所设施蔬菜种植基地为试验平台,采用田间定位试验的方法,设置CK (空白对照)、B10 (生物有机肥施用量为10 t/hm2)、B20 (生物有机肥施用量为20 t/hm2) 3个处理,于第一季黄瓜种植前将生物有机肥一次性施入试验小区,于2016年12月5日、2017年6月28日和2017年11月26日,连续三季,在黄瓜成熟采集0—20 cm土壤样品。将土壤样品分成两份,一份放于4℃冰箱冷藏保存,用于测定土壤生物学性质;另一份风干后过筛处理,以供土壤理化性状分析。同时,调查黄瓜产量。【结果】随着黄瓜连续种植季数增加,CK处理中土壤容重和电导率呈增加趋势,土壤各肥力指标、酶活性、微生物量碳氮含量及黄瓜产量呈下降趋势;在同一季黄瓜成熟期,与CK相比,施用生物有机肥可降低土壤容重和电导率,增加土壤总孔隙度、pH、有机质、全氮、硝态氮和速效磷含量,其中连续种植3季黄瓜过程中,土壤有机质、速效磷和硝态氮含量分别增加了39.3%～83.9%、5.98～14.2%和10.0～22.0%,而土壤电导率降低了8.57%～12.7%。同一季黄瓜成熟期,不同处理中土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性由大到小排列均表现为B20 > B10 > CK,且连续种植3季黄瓜后B10和B20处理中4种土壤酶活性均高于第一季黄瓜成熟期CK处理;连续种植3季黄瓜期间,施用生物有机肥处理中土壤微生物量碳、氮含量均明显高于CK,B10和B20处理中微生物量碳、氮含量较CK分别增加了4.26%～23.2%和21.8%～56.2%。与CK相比,第一季、第二季、第三季B10处理黄瓜产量分别提高了3.93%、9.73%、10.6%,B20处理分别提高了12.9%、18.8%、20.2%。黄瓜连作过程中,土壤容重、有机质、硝态氮和速效磷与生物学指标和黄瓜产量相关显著,且土壤pH和电导率与土壤过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、微生物量氮含量和黄瓜产量呈显著相关关系。【结论】生物有机肥可改善黄瓜连作过程中土壤耕性变差、养分失衡和酸化等理化性质变劣的现象,缓解黄瓜连作土壤的次生盐渍化状况,还能提高土壤酶活性、微生物量碳氮含量和黄瓜产量,且黄瓜连作过程中土壤理化性质和生物学特性指标无明显变化,从而减缓黄瓜连作障碍的发生。
|
| 关 键 词： | 生物有机肥 黄瓜 连作障碍 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-07-30 |
Mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on improving soil productivity for continuous cucumber in greenhouse |
| |
| QU Cheng-chuang,CHEN Xiao-min,ZHANG Zhi-long,Lü Jing-yan,JI Chen,ZHANG Jun. Mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on improving soil productivity for continuous cucumber in greenhouse[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2019, 25(5): 814-823. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18311 |
| |
| Authors: | QU Cheng-chuang CHEN Xiao-min ZHANG Zhi-long Lü Jing-yan JI Chen ZHANG Jun |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objectives】The objective of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of bio-organic fertilizers on alleviating soil related problems in continuous cropping, balancing soil nutrients, and controlling soil enzyme activities under cucumber continuous cropping conditions. The results will lay a foundation for bio-organic fertilizers on improving soil fertility, improving continuous cropping obstacles, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.【Methods】A three-season field trial was conducted at Rugao Agricultural Science Research Institute using high-intensity continuous planting of cucumber. Applications of bio-organic fertilizers of 0, 10 and 20 t/ha were the treatments. The bio-fertilizer was once applied at the first cucumber season and cucumber was planted continuously for three seasons. Soil samples of 0?20 cm deep were collected at maturate stages of each season, the soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content as well as cucumber yield were measured.【Results】The soil bulk density and electrical conductivity increased with cucumber planting season, while soil fertility indexes, enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and cucumber yield decreased in CK treatment; the application of biological organic fertilizer reduced soil bulk density and electrical conductivity, increased soil total porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus content in the same cucumber mature period. Over the continuous planting time, the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen increased by 39.3%–83.9%, 5.98%–14.2% and 10.0%–22.0% respectively, compared to CK, while the soil electrical conductivity decreased by 8.57%–12.73%.At cucumber ripening stage, the activities of soil urease, catalase, sucrose and phosphatase in different treatments followed the order: B20 > B10 > CK, and the soil four enzymatic activities in B10 and B20 treatments after 3 seasons planting were higher than those in CK in the first season; Over time, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in the bio-organic fertilizer treatment became significantly higher than that in CK, the content of soil microorganism biomass carbon and nitrogen inB10 and B20 treatments increased by 4.26%–23.17% and 21.81%–56.23% respectively, compared with CK. The cucumber yield in the first, second and third season of B10 treatment and B20 treatment increased by 3.93%, 9.73%, 10.65% and 12.92%, 18.83%, 20.21% respectively, compared to CK. The correlation between cucumber yield and soil bulk density, organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and biological index was significant during the continuous cropping of cucumber, and soil pH and electrical conductivity were significantly correlated with soil catalase activity, invertase activity, microbial biomass nitrogen content and cucumber yield.【Conclusions】Bio-organic fertilizer can improve the soil physical and chemical properties in the continuous cucumber cropping system, alleviate the secondary salinization of cucumber continuous cropping, increase soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content as well as cucumber yield, but without significant change in soil physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics during continuous cropping, thereby alleviate soil related problems in continuous cucumber cropping. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《植物营养与肥料学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《植物营养与肥料学报》下载全文 |
|
