| 4种旱作谷类作物根系发育规律的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨丽雯,张永清. 4种旱作谷类作物根系发育规律的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(11): 2244-2251. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.11.005 |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨丽雯 张永清 |
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| 作者单位： | 山西师范大学城市与环境科学学院; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(30871483); 山西省自然科学基金项目(2006011086) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探讨春小麦、谷子、高粱、黍子4种谷类作物根系分布的空间几何构型特点和根系生长时空分布规律。【方法】采用盆栽、根管土柱栽培、铁丝网箱栽培与田间调查相结合的方法，研究谷子、高粱、黍子、春小麦4种作物根系的生长规律。【结果】（1）4种供试作物根系的种子根数、次生根数、入土深度和根幅明显不同；根系最大入土深度为高粱＞谷子＞春小麦＞黍子；最大根幅为高粱＞黍子＞谷子＞春小麦。（2）随着生育时期的推进，谷子、黍子、春小麦和高粱根系的根长与根重的增长均表现为慢-快-慢的规律。（3）4种谷类作物苗期主要以根系纵向下扎为主，根长与根干重呈明显的“T”字型结构；拔节期春小麦根长分布呈现近似“8”字型，其它作物的根长和根重分布仍呈明显的“T”字型；抽穗期谷子、高粱、黍子根长在不同土层深度中的分布近“8”字型，而春小麦呈现近卵型。（4）4种谷类作物根重在不同深度土体中的垂直分布符合指数递减方程y=A·e-bx，但其垂直递减率b值大小不等。4种谷类作物的总根长在不同深度土体中的分布前期符合指数递减方程y=A·e-bx，但后期与多项式y=ax3+bx2+cx+d的拟合程度更好。【结论】4种谷类作物根系空间分布的存在相似性，该相似性可为谷类作物高产栽培的根系调控提供理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 旱地 谷类作物 根系 生长规律 构型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2010-07-26; |
Developing Patterns of Root Systems of Four Cereal Crops Planted in Dryland Areas |
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| YANG Li-wen,ZHANG Yong-qing. Developing Patterns of Root Systems of Four Cereal Crops Planted in Dryland Areas[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(11): 2244-2251. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.11.005 |
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| Authors: | YANG Li-wen ZHANG Yong-qing |
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| Affiliation: | YANG Li-wen1,ZHANG Yong-qing1,2(1College of Urban and Environmental Science,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,Shanxi,2College of Life Science,Shanxi) |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The study was to explore the geometric characteristics, spatial and temporal distributive patterns of root systems of spring wheat, millet, grain sorghum, and broomcorn millet. 【Method】Experimental methods employed were pot culture, soil column culture, chain link mesh box cultivation and field investigation. 【Result】Differences in root system characteristic patterns of the four cereal crops: Number of seminal root and secondary root was different, maximum striking depth of root systems was different which usually followed the order of grain sorghum＞millet＞spring wheat＞broomcorn millet, maximum root extension was different, maximum root extension often showed an order of grain sorghum＞broomcorn millet＞millet＞spring wheat. The basilar 1-3 node of millet, broomcorn millet and grain sorghum formed 1st round to 3rd round support root after tasselling, while spring wheat did not have support root commonly. Temporal distributive patterns of the four cereal crops in the experiment: root systems of millet, broomcorn millet and spring wheat grew downward gradually along with developing stage, root length and root weight increased persistently, the increase of root length and root weight showed slow-fast-slow patterns. The growth patterns of root weight and total root length of the four cereal crops accorded with S-type growth curve, while the increase per day for root length and root weight of grain sorghum was far larger than that of millet and broomcorn millet. Spatial distributive patterns of the four cereal crops in the experiment: in seedling stage root systems of the four cereal crops grew downward mainly; in each soil layer the absolute root amount increased gradually; root length and root dry weight mostly distributed in the soil layer of 0-40 cm depth; root systems hardly distributed in the soil layer of below 40 cm. Therefore, spatial patterns of the four cereal crops showed a clear T-shape. At jointing stage, root systems kept on growing downward, and the root amount in different soil layers increased distinctly. The spring wheat root weight enhanced notably, and spring wheat root length distribution showed 8-shape approximately. Patterns for root length and weight of the other three crops still showed a T-shape. At heading stage, the root length distributive patterns in different depth soil of millet, broomcorn millet and grain sorghum turned into 8-shape approximately, while the root length distributive patterns in different depths of soil of spring wheat showed an egg-shape. So, the root length of the four cereal crops in the experiment at late heading stage had superiority in middle and bottom soil layer. The vertical distribution of root weight of millet, broomcom millet, grain sorghum followed the exponential equation y=A·e-bx, but different crops had different b values. The total root length distributive patterns of the four cereal crops in different soil depths at early stage followed the exponential equation y=A·e-bx, but at late stage it followed the multinomial y=ax3+bx2+cx+d.【Conclusion】The similarities in spatial distributive patterns of the root systems of the four cereal crops were positive, which provided a theoretical basis for root regulation for cultivation. |
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| Keywords: | dry land cereal crops root systems developing patterns characteristics |
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