| 减氮配施炭基肥对植烟土壤微生物群落多样性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 何晓冰,李俊营,许跃奇,王晓强,阎海涛,王明鑫,杨楠,常栋. 减氮配施炭基肥对植烟土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(2): 400-406. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022022501 |
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| 作者姓名： | 何晓冰 李俊营 许跃奇 王晓强 阎海涛 王明鑫 杨楠 常栋 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司，河南 平顶山 467000 |
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| 基金项目： | 青年人才托举工程资助项目（2017QNRC001）和 河南省烟草公司科技专项（2018410000270036）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 为探讨炭基肥对烟田土壤生化特性及微生物的影响，达到化肥减施增效的目的。 方法 在褐土烟田采用田间小区试验，以常规化肥用量为对照，研究了不同减量氮肥（不减少、减少15%和30%氮肥）与炭基肥配施条件下烤烟现蕾期土壤微生物生物量、酶活性以及微生物多样性的变化。 结果 与对照相比，配施炭基肥处理显著提高了土壤有机碳（SOC）和微生物量碳（MBC）含量，分别提高了19.68% ~ 39.68%和20.09% ~ 36.14%，而配施处理之间差异不显著；不同处理间脲酶和蔗糖酶活性没有显著差异；常规化肥用量和减少15%氮肥配施炭基肥增强了Biolog平板的平均颜色变化率（AWCD），显著提高了对羧酸、酚酸和胺类碳源底物的利用强度，丰富了微生物群落结构；主成分和热图分析显示，在增施炭基肥的基础上，减少15%氮肥与常规化肥用量处理相比，微生物群落代谢功能改变较小。 结论 综合各处理对土壤生物化学特性的影响，减少15%氮肥配施炭基肥具有较好的土壤改良效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 炭基肥 植烟土壤 化肥氮 土壤微生物 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-03 |
Effect of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Biochar-based Fertilizer on Microbial Community Diversity of Tobacco-planting Soil |
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| Affiliation: | Henan Pingdingshan Municipal Tobacco Company, Pingdingshan 467000, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of biochar-based fertilizer on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community in the tobacco field, and to achieve the purpose of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing efficiency. Method The experiment consists of four treatments (CK: conventional nitrogen fertilizer + without biochar-based fertilizer, T1: conventional nitrogen fertilizer + biochar-based fertilizer, T2: reducing 15% nitrogen + biochar-based fertilizer, T3: reducing 30% nitrogen + biochar-based fertilizer). Result The results showed that adding biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) compared with CK, by the extent of 19.68%-39.68% and 20.09%-36.14%, respectively. There was no significant effect on the activities of urease and invertase among different treatments. Conventional nitrogen dosage and 15% reduction of nitrogen combined with biochar-based fertilizer increased the average well color development (AWCD) of Biolog plates, significantly improved the utilization of carboxylic acid, phenolic acid, and amine, and enriched the microbial community structure. Principal component analysis and heatmap analysis showed that reducing 15% nitrogen and using biochar-based fertilizer had little change in the metabolic function of the microbial community compared with T1. Conclusion Combining the effects of various treatments on soil biochemical properties, reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 15%, and applying biochar-based fertilizer (T2) has a better soil improvement effect. |
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