| 玉米与不同豆科作物间作对氮素的竞争与恢复效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵建华,孙建好,陈亮之,李伟绮,曹素珍,谷科强. 玉米与不同豆科作物间作对氮素的竞争与恢复效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(4): 640-650. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022394 |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵建华 孙建好 陈亮之 李伟绮 曹素珍 谷科强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所，甘肃兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（32060261）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900200）；甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2022GAAS37)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 竞争和恢复是间作群体优势的重要机理。本研究分析比较玉米与不同豆科作物间作共生期对氮的竞争，单独生长期氮吸收的恢复效应，以及氮竞争和恢复效应对间作模式氮吸收间作优势的影响。 【方法】 田间试验于2018—2019年在甘肃省农业科学院张掖试验站进行。共设置玉米/豌豆间作 (maize/pea，M/P)、玉米/蚕豆间作 (maize/faba bean，M/F)、玉米/大豆间作 (maize/soybean，M/S) 3个间作体系和单作豌豆 (sole pea，SP)、单作蚕豆 (sole faba bean, SF)、单作大豆 (sole soybean，SS)、单作玉米 (sole maize，SM) 4个单作体系。测定豆科作物和玉米收获期作物的干物质量和氮浓度，计算间作体系作物的偏氮吸收当量比 (partial nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio，pNER) 和间作体系的氮吸收当量比 (nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio，NER)，玉米相对于豆科的氮竞争比率(competitive ratio of maize to legume，CRml)，豆科作物收获后玉米的氮素吸收量和吸收速率。 【结果】 M/P、M/F和M/S的NER均大于1，两年平均分别为1.33、1.26和1.38。3个间作体系中，豆科作物的pNERl无显著差异，M/S中玉米的pNERm显著高于M/P和M/F。间作豆科作物的氮浓度与其单作相比无显著差异，但氮吸收量显著低于单作。M/P、M/F和M/S体系中玉米植株的氮浓度无显著差异，而玉米氮吸收量分别相当于单作玉米的62.2%、51.0%和79.9%，M/S体系玉米氮吸收量较M/P和M/F分别提高了33.4%和62.6%。M/S体系CRml大于1，M/P和M/F的CRml值均小于1。各间作体系玉米恢复效应2019年高于2018年，但值均小于1。CRml与NER和pNERm呈显著正相关，与pNERl呈显著负相关。 【结论】 两年的试验结果表明，河西走廊灌区玉米/豌豆、玉米/蚕豆和玉米/大豆间作体系的氮吸收当量比均大于1，相对单作具有氮吸收间作优势。玉米/豌豆、玉米/蚕豆和玉米/大豆体系共生期存在氮竞争，豌豆和蚕豆对氮的竞争强于玉米，大豆的氮竞争弱于玉米。豆科作物收获后，各体系玉米单独生长期无氮吸收恢复效应。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米豆科作物间作 氮吸收当量比 氮营养竞争比率 氮吸收恢复效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-07-28 |
Nitrogen competition and recovery effects of maize in different maize/legumes intercropping systems |
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| ZHAO Jian-hua,SUN Jian-hao,CHEN Liang-zhi,LI Wei-qi,CAO Su-zhen,GU Ke-qiang. Nitrogen competition and recovery effects of maize in different maize/legumes intercropping systems[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2023, 29(4): 640-650. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022394 |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Jian-hua SUN Jian-hao CHEN Liang-zhi LI Wei-qi CAO Su-zhen GU Ke-qiang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Interspecific competition and compensation are important mechanisms to showcase the advantage of intercropping systems. The objective of the present study was to explore the N competitive ability of maize relative to legumes during intercropping. We also examined the maize N uptake recovery effect under sole cropping and when intercropped with different legumes. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, from 2018 to 2019. The experiment included three intercropping systems: maize and pea (M/P), maize and faba bean (M/F), maize and soybean (M/S), and four sole cropping systems, including sole pea (SP), faba bean (SF), soybean (SS), and maize (SM). The crop dry matter weight and N concentration at the maturity stage were investigated, the N uptake equivalent ratio (NER) of the intercropping system and partial N uptake equivalent ratio (pNER) of the crops were calculate. Maize competitive ratio relative to legume (CRml), the relationship between CRml and NER, the partial nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio of legume (pNERl), the partial N uptake equivalent ratio of maize (pNERm), and the N uptake of intercropped maize were assessed. 【Results】 Over the two years average, NER values of M/P, M/F, and M/S were 1.33, 1.26, and 1.38, respectively. The pNERl value among intercropping systems was not (P>0.05) different. The pNERm value in M/S was (P<0.05) greater than that in M/P and M/F; N uptake of intercropped legumes was (P<0.05) lower than sole legumes, but legume N concentration was not (P>0.05) different between intercrop and sole legumes. Maize N concentration among the intercropping systems was not (P>0.05) different. Maize N uptake in M/P, M/F, and M/S was 62.2%, 51.0%, and 79.9% of the value recorded for sole maize. Maize N uptake in M/S was 33.4% and 62.6% higher than in M/P and M/F, respectively. CRml value in M/S was higher than 1 and (P<0.05) higher than in M/P and M/F, but the CRml value in M/P and M/F were lower than 1. The recorded values for the maize recovery effect in intercropping systems were less than 1. A significant positive correlation was found between CRml and NER, pNERm, and a significant negative correlation between CRml and pNERl. 【Conclusions】 Based on the two years of study, the maize/pea, maize/faba bean, and maize/soybean intercropping system showed higher N uptake equivalent ratio than the sole maize system in Hexi Corridor. Maize and legumes compete for N during intercropping, with pea and faba bean stronger than soybean in competing for N during the intercropping. After harvesting the legumes, maize did not show any apparent N uptake recovery effect. |
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