| 灌水频率和施肥量对三七有效成分积累与发病率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 唐建楷, 韩焕豪, 刘冰, 杨启良, 刘小刚, 刘艳伟. 灌水频率和施肥量对三七有效成分积累与发病率的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(24): 55-63. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.007 |
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| 作者姓名： | 唐建楷 韩焕豪 刘冰 杨启良 刘小刚 刘艳伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.昆明理工大学农业与食品学院，昆明 650500;2.昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院，昆明 650500 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51779113，51979134），云南省高校重点实验室项目（KKPS201923009） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探明灌水频率和施肥量对三七有效成分积累及发病率的影响，以2年生三七为试验对象，设置W1（3 d灌1次水）、W2（5 d灌1次水）、W3（7 d灌1次水）、W4（9 d灌1次水）4个灌水频率和F1（75 kg/hm2）、F2（150 kg/hm2）2个施肥水平，采用完全组合设计，共8个处理，分析三七生长形态、光合特性、有效成分含量与发病率对不同灌水频率和施肥量耦合规律的响应情况。结果表明：1）随着灌水频率的降低，三七净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势均呈先增加后减小趋势，且W2处理下三七净光合速率和叶水势最大。2）不同处理的株高、茎粗、叶长及叶宽变化趋势大致相同且均在果期达到最大，W1F2处理利于三七株高、叶宽的生长，W2F2处理利于三七茎粗、叶长的生长。3）W3F2处理下有效成分积累量最大，为1 084.93 mg/kg。4）随着灌水频率的降低，三七根腐病、黑斑病发病率整体呈下降趋势，干叶病呈递增趋势；同一灌水频率下，F2处理发病率总体上相对F1处理略高。综合以上结果，微喷灌施肥条件下次低频灌水W3（7 d灌1次水）和高肥F2（150 kg/hm2）组合处理适宜三七叶片生长，且三七根中有效成分积累多，发病率低。该研究对优化三七水肥管理，实现三七绿色可持续发展具有重要理论及指导意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 灌水 肥料 三七 发病率 有效成分 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-12-10 |
Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilization amount on active ingredient accumulation and morbidity of Panax notoginseng |
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| Tang Jiankai, Han Huanhao, Liu Bing, Yang Qiliang, Liu Xiaogang, Liu Yanwei. Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilization amount on active ingredient accumulation and morbidity of Panax notoginseng[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(24): 55-63. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.007 |
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| Authors: | Tang Jiankai Han Huanhao Liu Bing Yang Qiliang Liu Xiaogang Liu Yanwei |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Water and Green Production of Characteristic Crops in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China;2.College of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Panax notoginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. The root of Panax notoginseng is confirmed to have many effects on the blood system, cardiovascular system, brain, vascular system, nervous system,metabolism, and immune regulation. As the main producing area of Panax notoginseng, Yunnan has grown from 4,300 hm2 in 2006 to 20,000 hm2 in 2016, increasing by 4.7 times.Output has increased from 3.78 million kg in 2006 to 7 million kg, an increase of less than two times.The comparative analysis shows that the per unit area yield of Panax notoginseng decreased from 900 kg/hm2 in 2003 to 350 kg/hm2 in 2016.The reasons are mainly as follows: (2) Panax notoginseng likes shade and wet environment, its growth process is very harsh to soil moisture and nutrients, and unreasonable water and fertilizer management leads to frequent occurrence of Panax notoginseng diseases and significant decrease in yield; (2) Panax notoginseng needs 3-7 years from planting to harvest, and continuous cropping obstacles in the planting process will also lead to decreased yield and increased incidence of disease.To increase Panax notoginseng yield, farmers use large amounts of chemical, organic and foliar fertilizers to promote Panax notoginseng growth and spray large amounts of pesticides to control Panax notoginseng disease. In order to investigate the effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer amount on photosynthetic characteristics, active component accumulation and incidence of Panax notoginseng under micro-sprinkling irrigation. The native 2-year-old Panax notoginseng was chosen as experiment material. The field experiment was conducted during growing seasons in an experimental Panax notoginseng base in Luxi Country, Yunnan, China. Four irrigation frequency levels were W1 (3-day irrigation once), W2 (5-day irrigation once), W3 (7-day irrigation once), and W4 (9-day irrigation once). Two fertilizer levels were F1 (75 kg/hm2) and F2 (150 kg/hm2) ; A complete combination design is adopted with a total of 8 treatments. The results showed that with the increase of irrigation frequency, the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Panax notoginseng increased at first and then decreased, and reached the peak at flowering stage and the maximum under W2 treatment.The variation trends of plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width under different treatments were roughly the same, and all of them increased significantly in the vegetative growth period and reached the maximum in fruit period.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Panax notoginseng leaves were in the weight gain stage of > in flowering stage, > in seedling stage and > in fruit stage. The water potential of Panax notoginseng leaves first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency, and it was the largest under W2 treatment.Under the combination of low-frequency irrigation and high-fertilizer W3F2, the accumulation of active components in Panax notoginseng root was the largest (1 084.93 mg/kg).In addition, with the increase of irrigation frequency, the incidence of root rot of Panax notoginseng and black spot disease was the highest (15.79% and 3.41%, respectively) under the condition of high-frequency irrigation W1.The incidence of dry leaf disease was the lowest, only 2.11%.To sum up, the combination treatment of low-frequency irrigation W3 (7-day irrigation once) and high-fertilizer F2 (150 kg/hm2) under the conditions of micro-sprinkling irrigation was suitable for the growth of Panax notoginseng leaves, and the accumulation of effective components in Panax notoginseng roots was high, with a low incidence of disease.This study has important theoretical and guiding significance for optimizing the water and fertilizer management of panax notoginseng and realizing its green and sustainable development. |
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| Keywords: | irrigation frequency fertilizition Panax notoginseng active ingredients incidence |
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