Dissolved and colloidal phosphorus fluxes in forest ecosystems—an almost blind spot in ecosystem research |
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| Authors: | Roland Bol Dorit Julich Dominik Brödlin Jan Siemens Klaus Kaiser Michaela Anna Dippold Sandra Spielvogel Thomas Zilla Daniela Mewes Friedhelm von Blanckenburg Heike Puhlmann Stefan Holzmann Markus Weiler Wulf Amelung Friederike Lang Yakov Kuzyakov Karl‐Heinz Feger Nina Gottselig Erwin Klumpp Anna Missong Carola Winkelmann David Uhlig Jakob Sohrt Klaus von Wilpert Bei Wu Frank Hagedorn |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG–3), Research Centre Jülich, Wilhelm Johnen Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany;2. Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, TU Dresden, Pienner Str. 19, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;3. Biogeochemistry Group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürchertrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;4. Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus‐Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26‐32, 35392 Gie?en, Germany;5. Soil Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, von‐Seckendorff‐Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;6. Agricultural pedology, Georg‐August‐University G?ttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 G?ttingen, Germany;7. Geographical Institute, University Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;8. Ecopedology of temperate zones, Georg‐August‐University G?ttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 G?ttingen, Germany;9. Applied Stream Ecology, Institute of Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz‐Landau, Universit?tsstrasse 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany;10. Earth Surface Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;11. Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universit?t Berlin, Malteserstr. 74–100, 12249 Berlin, Germany;12. Boden und Umwelt, Forest Research Institute Baden‐Württemberg, Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg i.Br., Germany;13. Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;14. Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Nussalle 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany;15. Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universit?t Freiburg, Bertoldstra?e 17, 79098 Freiburg i. Br., Germany;16. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg‐August‐University G?ttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 G?ttingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Understanding and quantification of phosphorus (P) fluxes are key requirements for predictions of future forest ecosystems changes as well as for transferring lessons learned from natural ecosystems to croplands and plantations. This review summarizes and evaluates the recent knowledge on mechanisms, magnitude, and relevance by which dissolved and colloidal inorganic and organic P forms can be translocated within or exported from forest ecosystems. Attention is paid to hydrological pathways of P losses at the soil profile and landscape scales, and the subsequent influence of P on aquatic ecosystems. New (unpublished) data from the German Priority Program 1685 “Ecosystem Nutrition: Forest Strategies for limited Phosphorus Resources” were added to provide up‐to‐date flux‐based information. Nitrogen (N) additions increase the release of water‐transportable P forms. Most P found in percolates and pore waters belongs to the so‐called dissolved organic P (DOP) fractions, rich in orthophosphate‐monoesters and also containing some orthophosphate‐diesters. Total solution P concentrations range from ca. 1 to 400 µg P L?1, with large variations among forest stands. Recent sophisticated analyses revealed that large portions of the DOP in forest stream water can comprise natural nanoparticles and fine colloids which under extreme conditions may account for 40–100% of the P losses. Their translocation within preferential flow passes may be rapid, mediated by storm events. The potential total P loss through leaching into subsoils and with streams was found to be less than 50 mg P m?2 a?1, suggesting effects on ecosystems at centennial to millennium scale. All current data are based on selected snapshots only. Quantitative measurements of P fluxes in temperate forest systems are nearly absent in the literature, probably due to main research focus on the C and N cycles. Therefore, we lack complete ecosystem‐based assessments of dissolved and colloidal P fluxes within and from temperate forest systems. |
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| Keywords: | forest ecosystem phosphorus fluxes soil processes hydrology |
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