| 遮阴及复光下茶树新梢主要碳氮代谢物动态变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈建姣,吕智栋,刘婕,张晨禹,李云飞,陈佳豪,沈程文. 遮阴及复光下茶树新梢主要碳氮代谢物动态变化[J]. 南方农业学报, 2022, 53(2): 314-323. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2022.02.004 |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈建姣 吕智栋 刘婕 张晨禹 李云飞 陈佳豪 沈程文 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学园艺学院/湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室/湖南农业大学国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410128 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;湖南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项;中央引导地方科技发展专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究遮阴及复光下茶树主要碳氮代谢物动态变化，为茶树遮阴及复光过程中鲜叶适制性的选择提供理论依据。【方法】开展大田试验，以黄金茶1号、湘妃翠和金萱茶树品种为试验材料，设遮阴度80%和95%，分别在遮阴前、遮阴第12 d和复光后第1、3和5 d取1芽2叶，检测新梢可溶性糖、黄酮、咖啡碱、氨基酸组分和儿茶素组分等指标，分析遮阴及复光下茶树新梢碳氮代谢物和品质变化规律。【结果】遮阴下，3个茶树品种的茶多酚含量显著下降（P<0.05，下同），黄金茶1号和湘妃翠的酚氨比降至4~5，简单儿茶素/酯型儿茶素降至0.23~0.42。黄金茶1号在遮阴度80%处理下酚氨比和叶绿素a/b显著低于遮阴度95%；与遮阴度80%处理相比，湘妃翠和金萱在遮阴度95%处理下酚氨比和叶绿素a/b显著降低，水浸出物和可溶性糖含量增加，且金萱在遮阴度95%处理下儿茶素品质指数显著高于遮阴度95%。复光后，3个茶树品种游离氨基酸的变异系数均大于茶多酚；湘妃翠和金萱的酚氨比大于7，儿茶素品质指数高于遮阴前。遮阴及复光过程中，3个茶树品种的水浸出物、黄酮和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）含量在复光第5 d最高。遮阴及复光下金萱茶多酚和游离氨基酸含量的变异系数低于黄金茶1号和湘妃翠；遮阴第12 d，遮阴度95%处理下湘妃翠和遮阴度80%处理下黄金茶1号的主要碳代谢物含量最低，主要氮代谢物含量最高。【结论】茶树为适应环境变化进行碳氮代谢调整，从而改变鲜叶的适制性。遮阴环境及复光前期茶树鲜叶适制名优绿茶，复光后期茶树鲜叶更适制优质红茶。
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| 关 键 词： | 茶树 复光 品质 碳氮代谢 动态变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-25 |
Dynamic changes of main carbon and nitrogen metabolites in tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.)shoots under shading and re-lighting |
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| CHEN Jian-jiao,LYU Zhi-dong,LIU Jie,ZHANG Chen-yu,LI Yun-fei,CHEN Jia-hao,SHEN Cheng-wen. Dynamic changes of main carbon and nitrogen metabolites in tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.)shoots under shading and re-lighting[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2022, 53(2): 314-323. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2022.02.004 |
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| Authors: | CHEN Jian-jiao LYU Zhi-dong LIU Jie ZHANG Chen-yu LI Yun-fei CHEN Jia-hao SHEN Cheng-wen |
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| Affiliation: | College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University/Lab of Tea Science of China Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University/National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To explorethe dynamic changes of the quality biochemical components and main carbon and nitrogen metabolites of tea plants under shading and relighting,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the suitability of fresh leaves in process of shading and relighting.【Method】A field experiment was carried out with Huangjincha-1,Xiangfeicui and Jinxuan Camellia sinensis L. cultivar as test materials under 80% and 95% shading treatments. And one bud and two leaves were taken before shading,on the 12nd day of shading,and on the 1st, 3rd,and 5th days after relighting todetectsoluble sugar,flavonoids,caffeine,amino acid components and catechin components to analyze the carbon and nitrogen metabolites and quality changes of fresh leaves under shading and re-lighting.【Result】Under shading treatment,the content of tea polyphenols of the three tea plant cultivars decreased significantly(P<0.05,the same be-low). The ratio of tea polyphenol to amino acid of Huangjincha-1 and Xiangfeicui decreased to 4-5,and the ratio of epicatechins or ester catechins decreased to 0.23-0.42. The tea polyphenol/amino acid ratio and chlorophyll a/b values of Huangjincha-1 under 80% shading treatment(HJC-80%) were significantly lower than those under 95% shading treatment;Xiangfeicui and Jinxuan under 95% shading treatment (XFC-95% and JX-95%),compared with 80% shading treatment(XFC-80% and JX-80%),their tea polyphenol/amino acid ratio and chlorophyll a/b were significantly decreased, and the contents of water extract and soluble sugar were increased,moreover,the catechin quality index of JX-95% was significantly higher than that of JX-80%. After re-lighting,the coefficient of variation of free amino acids is greater than that of tea polyphenols;the ratio of polyphenol to amino acid of Xiangfeicui and Jinxuan was greater than 7,and the quality index of catechins was higher than that before shading. During the process of shading and re-lighting,the content of water extracts,flavonoids and EGCG of the three cultivars reached the peak value on the 5th re-lighting day. Under shading and re-lighting,the coefficients of tea polyphenols and free amino acids of Jinxuan werelower than those of Huangjin and Xiangfeicui. On the 12nd day of shading,Xiangfeicui under the 95% shading treatment(XFC-95%) and Huangjincha under 80% shading treatment(HJC-80%) had the lowest content of main carbon metabolites and the highest content of main nitrogen metabolites.【Conclusion】Tea plants adjust carbon and nitrogen metabolism to adapt to environmental changes,there by chan-ging the suitability of fresh leaves. The fresh leaves of tea plants are more suitable for making famous and high-quality green tea under shading and in the early stage of relighting. In the later period of re-lighting,the fresh leaves of tea plants are more suitable for making high-quality black tea. |
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