| 陕西省降水特征及其对旱涝灾害的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张丽艳,杨 东,薛双奕,杨 雪. 陕西省降水特征及其对旱涝灾害的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(21): 126-133 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张丽艳 杨 东 薛双奕 杨 雪 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学项目“甘肃窑街侏罗纪真蕨植物化石微细构造”(41262001)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了简单分析陕西省降水特征及旱涝灾害的影响,依据陕西省18个气象站点近53年的降水资料,计算出各个站点Z指数及区域旱涝指数,然后通过线性倾向率、M-K突变检验、反距离加权插值法等方法,分析陕西省1961—2013年降水量的时空变化及旱涝频率的分布状态。结果表明:陕西省降水量整体呈降低趋势,并以"减少—增加—减少—增加"的模式发展;随着四季的变化,秋季降水以-58.71 mm/10 a的速率递减,夏季降水增幅最大达35.44 mm/10 a;由于受到自身地理位置及距海远近等因素,使降水量呈现出陕南、关中、陕北依次减少的空间分布状态。经Z指数统计所得,陕西省发生洪涝频率大于干旱频率,但强度弱于干旱;春夏秋冬四季均发生干旱,由各自频数显示冬季旱情最严重;陕西省涝情频率总体呈南多北少的形态,旱情总体分布不均匀且与降水量的空间分布相比二者恰恰相反,通过此次研究为陕西省旱涝灾害提供有效预防措施奠定了基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 降水特征；Z 指数；旱涝频率；陕西省 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-08-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017-07-07 |
Precipitation in Shaanxi: Characteristics and Influences on Drought and Flood |
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| Zhang Liyan,Yang Dong,Xue Shuangyi and Yang Xue. Precipitation in Shaanxi: Characteristics and Influences on Drought and Flood[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017, 33(21): 126-133 |
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| Authors: | Zhang Liyan Yang Dong Xue Shuangyi Yang Xue |
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| Affiliation: | College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University,College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University,College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University,College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University |
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| Abstract: | To analyze the characteristics of precipitation and their influences on drought and flood in Shaanxi, according to the precipitation data from 18 meteorological stations in recent 53 years, we calculated the Z index of each meteorological station and regional drought and flood index, and then analyzed the temporal and spatial variations and the frequency of drought and flood of precipitation from 1961 to 2013 by utilizing the methods of climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendall mutation test and inverse distance weighted interpolation. The results showed that: the annual precipitation in Shaanxi had a decreasing trend on the whole and developed by the decrease-increase-decrease-increase pattern; with the change of seasons, the largest increase occurred in summer at a rate of 35.44 mm/10 a, precipitation in autumn decreased at a rate of 58.71 mm/10 a; due to its geographical location, land and sea distance and other factors, the spatial distribution of precipitation decreased successively in southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi. According to the statistics of Z index, the flood frequency was greater than the drought frequency, but the flood intensity was weaker than that of drought. Drought occurred in four seasons and was most serious in winter, the flood frequency showed an increasing trend from north to south in Shaanxi, the distribution of drought was uneven and it was opposite to the spatial distribution of precipitation. This study lays a foundation for providing prevention measures to drought and flood disasters in Shaanxi. |
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| Keywords: | precipitation characteristics Z index drought and flood frequency Shaanxi |
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