| 黑土有效磷阈值区间的磷形态特征及对土壤化学性质的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 秦贞涵,王琼,张乃于,金玉文,张淑香. 黑土有效磷阈值区间的磷形态特征及对土壤化学性质的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(22): 4419-4432. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.008 |
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| 作者姓名： | 秦贞涵 王琼 张乃于 金玉文 张淑香 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1500205);国家自然科学基金项目(41977103) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 土壤有效磷（Olsen P）的农学阈值及环境阈值是土壤磷素管理的重要依据，但不同阈值区间磷形态学特征尚不明确。研究黑土有效磷不同阈值区间的磷形态特征及其影响因素，有助于理解土壤磷的转化过程，为优化有效磷管理和提高磷资源利用效率提供参考。【方法】 采集吉林公主岭市9个有效磷含量不同（11、21、31、40、57、69、128、331、490 mg·kg-1）的农田耕层（0—20 cm）土壤，利用TIESSEN-Moir修正的HEDLEY磷分级法，对土壤无机磷和有机磷进行分级，并分析其与土壤有机质（SOM）、C/P、铁铝氧化物等土壤化学性质之间的关系，明确土壤有效磷不同阈值区间的磷形态特征及主控因素。【结果】 黑土磷库以无机磷为主，占比为71.25%—96.19%，有机磷占比较小，约为3.81%—28.75%。有效磷水平低于农学阈值（7.4—13 mg·kg-1）时，活性态磷（LP）占比最小（19.89%）；有效磷水平低于环境阈值（51.0—56.4 mg·kg-1）时，中活性态磷（ML-P）和稳定态磷（OP）占比接近，分别为36.03%和35.49%，均高于LP占比（28.48%）；有效磷水平高于环境阈值时，LP占比最高（42.86%）。有效磷水平高于环境阈值时，土壤的LP、ML-P的含量显著高于有效磷水平低于环境阈值的土壤，树脂磷（Resin-P）是环境阈值前后区间变幅最大的磷形态。PAC、M3-Al、游离态铝（Ald）、络合态铁铝（Fep、Alp）、非晶质态铁铝（Feo、Alo）随有效磷水平的增加而显著增加，C/P随有效磷水平增加而显著降低。相关分析表明，有效磷水平低于环境阈值时，SOM和活性较高的无机态磷（Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi）呈显著正相关关系；有效磷水平高于环境阈值时，Fep+Alp与无机态磷（Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi、D.HCl-Pi、C.HCl-Pi）呈显著正相关关系。冗余分析结果表明，有效磷水平低于环境阈值时，SOM和M3-Fe是影响黑土磷形态变化的关键因子，分别解释了全部变异的50.2%和24.1%；有效磷水平高于环境阈值时，Fep+Alp是造成磷形态差异的关键因子，解释了全部变异的68.1%。【结论】 活性态磷在有效磷水平低于农学阈值时占比最小，在有效磷水平超过环境阈值时，其占比最大，Resin-P是在环境阈值前后区间变幅最大的磷形态。SOM和M3-Fe是土壤有效磷水平低于环境阈值、Fep+Alp是高于环境阈值土壤影响磷形态变化的关键因子。
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| 关 键 词： | 黑土 有效磷 农学阈值 环境阈值 磷形态 土壤化学性质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-19 |
Characteristics of Phosphorus Fractions and Its Response to Soil Chemical Properties Under the Threshold Region of Olsen P in Black Soil |
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| QIN ZhenHan,WANG Qiong,ZHANG NaiYu,JIN YuWen,ZHANG ShuXiang. Characteristics of Phosphorus Fractions and Its Response to Soil Chemical Properties Under the Threshold Region of Olsen P in Black Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4419-4432. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.008 |
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| Authors: | QIN ZhenHan WANG Qiong ZHANG NaiYu JIN YuWen ZHANG ShuXiang |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 Agronomic and environmental thresholds of Olsen phosphorus (P) are the most important parameters for soil P management, but the characteristics of phosphorus fractions under the different threshold regions are not clear. This research evaluated the characteristics of the P fraction under the different threshold regions of Olsen P and its influencing factors in black soils for enabling to understand the transformation process of soil P, so as to provide a reference for optimizing the Olsen-P management strategy and improving the efficiency of P resource utilization.【Method】9 Olsen P levels (11, 21, 31, 40, 57, 69, 128, 331, and 490 mg·kg-1) of agricultural fields plow layer (0-20 cm) soil samples were collected in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province. TIESSEN-Moir modified HEDLEY phosphorus classification method was used to classify soil inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus. The relationship between the phosphorus fractions and soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), C/P, Fe, and Al oxides, was also analyzed to clarify the characteristics of phosphorus fractions and the main controlling factors under the different threshold regions of soil Olsen P.【Result】The P pool was dominated by Pi, accounting for 71.25%-96.19%, with Po accounting for 3.81%-28.75%. When the Olsen P level was below the agronomic threshold (7.4-13 mg·kg-1), the proportion of liable P (LP) of 19.89% was the lowest in comparation with other P fractions. When the Olsen P level was below the environmental threshold (51.0-56.4 mg·kg-1), the proportion of medium active phosphorus (ML-P) and stable phosphorus (OP) is close, 36.03% and 35.49% respectively, both higher than the proportion of LP (28.48%). The highest proportion of LP (42.86%) was observed when the Olsen P level was above the environmental threshold. When the Olsen P level is higher than the environmental threshold, the content of LP and ML-P in the soil is significantly higher than that in the soil where the Olsen P level is lower than the environmental threshold, and the resin-P showed the greatest variation with Olsen P above and below the environmental threshold. The value of P activation coefficient (PAC), and the concentration of Mehlich-3 extractable aluminum (M3-Al), free Al oxide (Ald), organic-bound Fe, Al oxide (Fep, Alp), and amorphous Fe, Al oxide (Feo, Alo) increased significantly, while a significant decrease in C/P was observed with increasing Olsen P levels. The correlation analysis shows that when the Olsen P level was below the environmental threshold, the soil organic matter was positively and significantly correlated with the highly active inorganic P fractions (Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi) above the environmental threshold; when the Olsen P level was above the environmental threshold, Fep+Alp showed a strong positive correlation with each inorganic P fraction blow the environmental threshold. The redundancy analysis results showed that when the Olsen P level was below the environmental threshold, SOM and M3-Fe were the key factors for affecting the change of P fractions in black soils, explaining 50.2% and 24.1% of the total variation, respectively; when the Olsen P level was above the environmental threshold, Fep+Alp was the main factor influencing the change of P fractions, explaining 68.1% of the total variation.【Conclusion】 When the Olsen P level was below the agronomic threshold, the liable P accounted for the lowest proportion; however, which was the greatest proportion when the Olsen P level was above the environmental threshold. In addition, the Resin-P is the phosphorus fraction with the largest variation below and above the environmental threshold. SOM, M3-Fe, and Fep+Alp were the key factors affecting the change of P fractions below and above the environmental threshold, respectively. |
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| Keywords: | black soil available phosphorus agronomic threshold environmental threshold phosphorus fractions soil chemical properties |
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