| 种植密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉生长发育及产量形成影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈利军,林涛,吴凤全,邵亚杰,徐彦军,汤秋香. 种植密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉生长发育及产量形成影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2899-2908. DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.005 |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈利军 林涛 吴凤全 邵亚杰 徐彦军 汤秋香 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 8300522.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001005);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020003);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4-4);国家自然科学基金(31960386);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题资助(25107020-202001);新疆天山英才人才培养项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 研究种植密度和灌溉定额互作对棉生长发育特征及产量形成的影响,建立76 cm等行距机采棉种植技术体系。【方法】 采用裂区试验设计,以种植密度为主区,灌溉定额为副区,设置种植密度13.5×104株/hm2(M1)、18×104株/hm2(M2)和22.5×104株/hm2(M3,CKd),灌溉定额3 150 m3/hm2(W1)、4 050 m3/hm2(W2,CKi)和4 950 m3/hm2(W3)。研究种植密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉生长发育、产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】 株高随密度和灌溉定额的增加而升高,单位面积叶片数、果枝数、蕾数、花数以及铃数在不同灌溉定额下均以高密度下数量最大。种植密度和灌溉定额对生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例(RVR)、单位面积结铃数和籽棉产量有显著的互作效应。植株干物质总重随密度和灌溉定额的增加呈上升趋势,生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例(RVR)均在W1下最大。棉铃生长率(BGR)与群体生长率(CGR)、棉铃生长率(BGR)和群体生长率(CGR)与单位面积结铃数(Boll number)、单位面积结铃数(Boll number)和单位重(Boll weight)与籽棉产量呈显著正相关,在铃期棉铃生长率(BGR)和群体生长率(CGR)与Boll weight呈显著负相关。籽棉产量上M3W1、M2W2和M1W3处理最高,三者无显著差异。【结论】 76 cm等行距与传统(10+66)cm种植模式M3灌溉定额相同时,76 cm等行距机采棉种植模式单铃重较M1、M2密度显著低;降低种植密度能够提高单铃重;降低密度和灌溉定额有利于增加生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例(RVR),增加灌溉定额有利于株高和干物质积累量的增加。优化种植密度和灌溉定额能够促进棉株生长,利于产量提高,当种植密度为22.5×104株/hm2,灌溉定额为3 150 m3/hm2时,采用76 cm等行距机采棉种植有利于产量的提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 机采棉 76 cm等行距 种植密度 灌溉定额 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-03 |
Effects of Planting Density and Irrigation Quota on Growth and Development and Yield Formation of 76 cm Equal Row Spacing Machine-Picked Cotton |
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| CHEN Lijun,LIN Tao,WU Fengquan,SHAO Yajie,XU Yanjun,TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Planting Density and Irrigation Quota on Growth and Development and Yield Formation of 76 cm Equal Row Spacing Machine-Picked Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2899-2908. DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.005 |
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| Authors: | CHEN Lijun LIN Tao WU Fengquan SHAO Yajie XU Yanjun TANG Qiuxiang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China2. Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C., Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 In order to explore the influence of planting density and irrigation quota on the growth and development characteristics and yield formation of cotton, 76 cm isometric machine-picking cotton planting technology system will be established.【Methods】 This study adopted a split area test design, with planting density as the main area and irrigation quota as the sub-area. Planting densities of 135,000 plants/hm2 (M1), 180,000 plants/hm2 (M2) and 225.000 plants/hm2(M3) were set. The irrigation quotas were 3,150 m3/hm2 (W1), 4,050 m3/hm2 (W2) and 4950 m3/hm2 (W3). The interaction of planting density and irrigation quota on the growth and development, yield and its constituent factors of 76 cm equal-row cotton harvested was studied.【Results】 Plant height increased with the increase of density and irrigation quota. The number of leaves, fruit branches, buds, flowers and bolls per unit area were the largest under different irrigation quotas at high density. Planting density and irrigation quota had a significant interaction effect on RVR, boll number per unit area and seed cotton yield. The total plant dry matter weight showed an upward trend with the increase of density and irrigation quota, and the RVR was the largest under W1. Correlation analysis showed that BGR and CGR, BGR and CGR and boll number, boll number and boll weight were significantly positively correlated with seed cotton yield, and BGR and CGR were significantly negatively correlated with boll weight in the boll stage. M3W1, M2W2 and M1W3 treatments had the highest seed cotton yield, and there was no significant difference among the three.【Conclusion】 When the 76 cm equal row spacing is the same as the traditional (10+66) cm planting mode M3 irrigation quota, the single boll weight of the 76 cm equal row cotton planting mode is significantly lower than that of the M1 and M2 densities; Reducing the planting density can increase the single boll and reducing density and irrigation quota can help increase RVR, and increasing irrigation quota can help increase plant height and dry matter accumulation. Therefore, optimizing the planting density and irrigation quota can promote the growth of cotton plants and increase the yield. When the planting density is 225,000 plants/hm2 and the irrigation quota is 3,150 m3/hm2, 76 cm equal row spacing planting mode is conducive to the increase of the yield of machine-picked cotton. |
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| Keywords: | machine-picked cotton 76 cm equal row spacing planting density irrigation quota yield |
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