| 猪舍内CO_2的排放研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 周丹,刁亚萍,高云,黄飞若,李季,王娇娇,雷明刚,黎煊. 猪舍内CO_2的排放研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(16): 3201-3213. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.016 |
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| 作者姓名： | 周丹 刁亚萍 高云 黄飞若 李季 王娇娇 雷明刚 黎煊 |
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| 作者单位： | 华中农业大学工学院;塔里木大学机电学院;生猪健康养殖协同创新中心;华中农业大学动物科技学院动物医学院 |
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| 基金项目： | “十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0500506）、现代农业技术体系（CARS-35）、塔里木大学校长基金（TDZKQN201701） |
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| 摘 要： | CO_2是猪舍中主要的温室气体,与其它有害气体不同,CO_2已经以一定浓度存在于空气中,正常浓度范围的CO_2不会对猪的健康有害,容易被人忽视。近年来,随着规模化、集约化猪舍的发展,对猪舍中的温湿度、NH3、H2S、CO_2等影响猪只正常生长的因素研究日渐增多。其中CO_2在猪舍环境中扮演很重要的角色,是评估舍内环境质量的重要参数。猪舍内CO_2的有效管理可提高猪场饲养管理水平,实现经济效益最大化。文章首先阐述了猪舍中CO_2的排放主要来源猪的呼吸、粪便排放、取暖设备,分析了CO_2排放量主要受外界环境、猪的数量和种类、猪舍体积以及粪便存储时间等因素影响。对比分析了生猪在断奶、育成、育肥、母猪不同生长时期,在漏缝地板、部分漏缝地板、垫草、木屑地板条件下CO_2排放量。论述了舍内不同浓度CO_2所产生的对饲养人员、猪只生理行为、猪肉品质的影响,根据CIGR数据,得出畜禽舍内最大CO_2浓度限值为0.3%,对人CO_2浓度限值为0.5%。猪舍内CO_2含量过高时,氧气的含量不足,时间长会使猪出现慢性缺氧、精神萎靡、食欲下降、增重减缓、体质虚弱、易感染传染病、生产水平下降等问题,严重时会致死,致死后的猪出现瘀斑,宰杀出现血溅,肉质的p H值、导电性、含水率下降,极大影响猪肉的品质。其次概述了舍内CO_2含量监测方法以及国内外研究进展,目前主要使用光谱分析仪器测量猪舍内CO_2含量。归纳分析了CO_2与通风强度、通风率、进风口位置之间的关系,详细论述了粪坑通风系统通过改变通风强度、进风口位置、地板开口的大小,可有效地降低舍内CO_2含量。归纳出猪舍中计算通风率的方法有三种,一是利用动物本身体温平衡来计算,二是利用空气湿度来测定,三是CO_2平衡方程法。目前的主流方法是利用空气中的CO_2平衡特性,监测CO_2浓度,根据CO_2浓度与通风率的关系式,计算通风率的大小。最后,对猪舍中CO_2含量的未来研究方向以及发展趋势进行了展望。
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| 关 键 词： | CO2 猪舍 影响 排放 通风
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| 收稿时间： | 2018-04-11 |
Research Review on CO2 Production in Pig House |
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| ZHOU Dan,DIAO YaPing,GAO Yun,HUANG FeiRuo,LI Ji,WANG JiaoJiao,LEI MingGang,LI Xuan. Research Review on CO2 Production in Pig House[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3201-3213. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.016 |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Dan DIAO YaPing GAO Yun HUANG FeiRuo LI Ji WANG JiaoJiao LEI MingGang LI Xuan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Engineering college of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070;2.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Tarim University, ALaEr 843300, Xinjiang;3.The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070;4.College of Animal Science and Technology of Animal Medicine of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 |
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| Abstract: | CO2 is a major part of the atmosphere and is a member of greenhouse gases. It is not just a major contributor to global warming. And it is one of the harmful gases that cannot be ignored in the pigpen. In recent years, with the development of scale and intensive pig housing, the research on the factors affecting the temperature, humidity, NH3, H2S and CO2 in the piggery is increasing. CO2 plays an important role in the environment of piggery and is an important parameter to evaluate the environmental quality of piggery. The effective management of CO2 in piggery can improve the management level of piggery breeding and maximize economic benefits. This article first expounds the main source of CO2 emissions of piggery pig breath, waste discharge, heating equipment, analyzes the CO2 emissions are mainly affected by the external environment, the number and type, volume of piggery and pig manure storage time and other factors. The CO2 emissions of live pigs in different growth stages of weaning, breeding, fattening and sows were compared and analyzed under conditions of leaky floor, partially leaky floor, straw mat and wood chip floor. Discusses the inner generated by different concentration of CO2 in breeding, pig physiological behavior, the influence of the pork quality, according to CIGR data, draw corral CO2 concentration limit was 0.3%, the largest of the CO2 concentration limit of 0.5%, In piggery CO2 content is too high, the content of oxygen deficiency, for a long time can cause a chronic hypoxic pigs, depression, loss of appetite, weight gain, slow, weak, susceptible to infectious diseases, the problem such as production levels drop, serious when, after the death of a pig appeared ecchymosis, slaughter appear blood, flesh PH, conductivity, moisture content decreased, affect significantly the quality of pork. Secondly, the method of CO2 content monitoring in the shed and the research progress at home and abroad are summarized. Inductive analysis of the strength of CO2 and ventilation, ventilation rate, the relationship between the air inlet position, in detail elaborated the cesspit ventilation system by changing the intensity of ventilation, air inlet location, the size of the floor openings, can effectively reduce CO2 in the house. Calculate the ventilation rate in piggery of there are three kinds of methods, one is to use the animals themselves to calculate temperature balance, 2 it is used to measure the air humidity, three is the CO2 balance equation method, calculate the ventilation rate of the current mainstream approach is the use of CO2 from the air balance characteristics, monitoring CO2 concentration, according to the concentration of CO2 and ventilation rate equation, the relationship between the size of the calculation of ventilation rate. Finally, according to the actual research situation, the future research direction and development trend of CO2 content in piggery are prospected. |
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| Keywords: | CO2 piggery influence emissions ventilation |
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