冠状病毒受体的研究进展

近年来多种感染人或家畜的冠状病毒病轮番出现,给人类社会的经济和公共卫生安全带来很大危害。特别是在2019年底出现并在全球迅速蔓延的SARS-CoV-2,由此引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在2019年12月至2020年3月之间在全球范围内造成超过7万人死亡。冠状病毒感染宿主的第一步是识别宿主细胞膜受体分子并与之结合,随后启动入侵使病毒基因组进入宿主细胞内部。因此冠状病毒细胞受体的阐明对于了解病毒的宿主与组织嗜性具有重要意义,同时也有助于了解病毒的致病与传播机制以及新型抗病毒药物研发。本文介绍了近年来主要的冠状病毒受体的最新研究进展,包括血管紧张素2(the angiotensin converting enzyme 2,ACE2)、氨基肽酶N(aminopeptidase N,APN)、二肽酰肽酶4(dipeptyl peptidase 4,DPP4)、唾液酸(sialic acid,SA)和癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子1(carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1,CEACAM1)等。

Advances in research on the receptor of coronavirus

In recent years,many types of coronavirus infection in both humans and animals have been recurring,which has posed great threats to global economy and public health security.SARS-CoV-2,detected in late 2019,has rapidly spread worldwide,causing a COVID-19 pandemic.The pandemic has claimed over 70000 lives in the period from Dec 2019 through Mar 2020.The coronavirus infection starts with recognition of and binding to the receptor on the host cell membrane,and then the virus will invade the host cell with the SARS-CoV-2 genome.Therefore,elucidation of coronavirus cellular receptors is of great significance for understanding the host and tissue tropism of the virus.Meanwhile,it will be helpful in understanding its pathogenic and transmission mechanism,and pave the way for anti-viral treatment of COVID-19.In this article,the latest progresses in research on the receptors of coronavirus in recent years,including ACE2,APN,DPP4,SA and CEACAM1,will be introduced and reviewed.