牛奶的中红外光谱相关指标及遗传规律研究进展

中红外光谱分析技术(MIRS)作为一种快速且经济的检测手段广泛应用于生产,中红外(MIR)光谱在本质上可以反映牛奶特征。MIR光谱整体上是一条具有低中高遗传力的曲线,但并非所有MIR区域都具有遗传意义,应深入挖掘光谱数据具有的高遗传变异,提取可用于遗传育种的有效区域,得到筛选光谱信息区域的最佳方法。在标准预测模型基础上,获得的牛奶组分预测值具有遗传变异性,总体上呈中高遗传力,可进行遗传选择或对相关性状进行间接选择;借助MIRS挖掘一些新型经济性状。本文对牛奶MIR光谱相关指标遗传规律进行综述,以期为选种选育提供理论基础。

Advances in Genetic Aspects of Mid-infrared Spectrum Related Traits in Cow Milk

Milk is popularly and well accepted by consumers due to its rich nutritional components, and it is important for assessing the value of milk to accurately measure the milk compositions. Mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS) is a rapid and cost-effective detection tool widely used in industry, relevant mid-infrared(MIR) spectrum can reflect the characteristics of milk in essence. On the basis of the standard prediction formula, the predicted value of milk components has genetic variability, and they showed a medium-high heritability collectively, and can be used for genetic selection or indirect selection of related traits. Some new economic traits are gradually generated using MIRS information. The entire MIR spectrum can be considered as a curve with low, medium and high heritabilities, and not all MIR regions have genetic significance, therefore, more studies on unknown but high genetic variation spectrum are needed to reduce the size of spectral data for genetic breeding in future and to obtain the best strategy for spectral regions selection. There are few studies on this aspect in China. It can provide references for future studies and theoretical basis for selective breeding by deep the understanding of the genetic aspects of MIR spectrum related indicators in cow milk.