秦川牛及其杂种牛生长性能及杂种优势研究

通过对4月龄纯种秦川牛(QQ)67头,安秦杂种牛(红安格斯牛♂×秦川牛♀,AQ)36头、德秦杂种牛(德国黄牛♂×秦川牛♀,DQ)14头和利秦杂种牛(利木赞牛♂×秦川牛♀,LQ)47头,共计164头牛生长发育性状特点及杂种优势的研究,发现LQ、DQ、AQ与QQ相比,在体重、体长、体高、胸围、十字部高等重要指标上具有明显的杂种优势。初步鉴定3个杂交组合后代在生长性能方面优于秦川牛纯种,表现杂种优势,达到改良目的。其中LQ与其他两个杂交群体相比,在生长发育过程中表现出更好的发育趋势,即LQ>DQ>AQ>QQ,是较为理想的杂交组合,而AQ和DQ群体在后期发育和被毛颜色上有不可替代的优越性。

Research on Heterosis and Growth Perfermance in Qinchuan Cattle and Its Hybrids

A total of 164 cattle were selected from 3 two-element-cross combination, Limousin♂× Qinchuan♀(LQ), Red Angus♂× Qinchuan♀(AQ), German Yellow cattle♂× Qinchuan♀(DQ), and Qinchuan cattle(QQ), to investigate the heterosis and growth performance in the four populations. The result showed that the hybrids, compared with the purebred Qinchuan cattle, had significant heterosis on the traits of body weight, body length, heart girth, withers height, height at hip cross. The conclusion is that the hybrids were better than those of Qinchuan cattle in growth performance traits. Among these populations, LQ was the best population in these traits, namely, LQ>DQ>AQ>QQ. All those prove that hybrid of Qinchuan with Limousin cattle has obvious hybridism predominance and is a good crossbreeding. Meanwhile, AQ and DQ has superiority on post-breeding and color of fur.