自噬通路及其在顶复门原虫入侵发育中的作用

自噬(autophagy)是细胞通过降解自身大分子物质或破损细胞器等来维持胞内稳态的一种平衡机制。近年来在顶复门原虫与宿主细胞相互作用研究中发现,顶复门原虫不但可诱导宿主细胞产生自噬并启动天然免疫途径清除寄生虫,亦可进化出独特的机制来抵抗宿主细胞自噬甚至利用其为自身生长提供条件。不同种类顶复门原虫与宿主细胞互作方式不同,所诱导的自噬信号通路亦不尽相同,深入了解二者互作机制及所诱导的自噬途径,对于胞内原虫的防控有着重要的意义。本文对自噬进程中的信号调控及其对以弓形虫、疟原虫为代表的顶复门原虫入侵发育中的作用进行综述。

Autophagy Pathway and Its Roles in Invasion and Development of Apicomplexans

Autophagy is a cellular homeostasis mechanism for degrading their own components,proteins and organelles.Recent studies have shown the significant interaction effect between the apicomplexans and their host cells.Some of these apicomplexan parasites could cause autophagy in the host cells which induce host innate immune pathways in turn to eliminate parasites.In the other hand,the parasites can even take advantage of host autophagy mechanism to provide conditions and nutrients for their own proliferation.Different apicomplexan species can induce host autophagy through different autophagy signal pathways.Therefore,understanding of the interaction mechanism and the induced autophagic pathways of apicomplexan parasites is important for the prevention and control of intracellular protozoa.In this review,the signal pathway regulation in autophagy and its roles in the invasion as well as development of apicomplexan parasites are discussed,especially in Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.