植保无人飞机对主干形桃树和梨树的喷雾效果研究

摘 要：为了探明植保无人飞机喷雾雾滴在主干形果树冠层中的沉积分布规律,针对2种果树分别设计了4种不同作业速度梯度的喷雾效果试验,研究了3WQFTX-10型电动四旋翼植保无人飞机和3WQF120-12型油动单旋翼植保无人飞机分别对于主干形桃树(超红)和主干形梨树(新世纪梨)冠层各位置的雾滴沉积分布情况。结果表明：在风速小于1.2 m/s的微风条件下,当使用植保无人飞机以距离果树冠层顶部2 m的高度对主干形果树喷雾时,以果树为中心航线进行作业有助于雾滴更好的沉降。对于主干形桃树,当采用电动四旋翼植保无人飞机进行喷雾作业时,建议飞行速度处在2~4 m/s的范围内,此时雾滴在主干形桃树不同位置的雾滴沉积密度大于25个/cm₂。对于主干形梨树,当采用单旋翼油动无人飞机进行喷雾作业时,建议飞行速度处于2~3 m/s的范围内,此时雾滴在主干形梨树不同位置的沉积密度大于39.00个/cm₂。此外,飞行速度对于雾滴分布均匀性影响较大,2种主干形果树冠层各采样位置测得的雾滴分布变异系数均值普遍处于20%以上水平,最高值高达63.56%,未来对于果树航空喷雾均匀性方面的研究还需加强。研究结果可以为使用植保无人飞机防控主干形果树果园病虫害提供喷雾技术依据。

Research on spray effect of trunk-shape peach and pear trees using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

In order to explore the droplet distribution in the canopy of trunk-shape fruit trees using UAVs, the spray effect experiment with four flight operation velocities were designed for two kinds of trunk-shape fruit trees. The four-rotor electric powered 3WQFTX-10 plant protection UAV and single-rotor oil powered 3WQF120-12 plant protection UAV were used for spraying on trunk-shape peach trees (Chao Hong) and trunk-shape pear trees (New Century pear), respectively. Droplet deposition on different canopy positions of these two trunk-shape fruit trees were collected and analyzed. The results showed that flight route on the top of trunk-shape trees could obtain a better droplet deposition with a flight height of 2 m above top canopy and a wind speed of less than 1.2 m/s. For the trunk-shape peach trees, droplet density of four-rotor UAV with flight velocities of 2~4 m/s was more than 25 deposits/cm₂, which was recommended for the practical operation. For trunk-shape pear trees, droplet density of single-rotor UAV with flight velocities of 2~3 m/s was more than 39 deposits/cm₂, which was recommended for the practical operation. In addition, the flight velocities have significant influence on the uniformity of droplet distribution. The average coefficient of variation (CV) of droplet deposition measured at the sampling positions of the two trunk-shape fruit trees is above 20% and the highest value is up to 63.56%. The research results can provide basis data for using plant protection UAVs to control pests and diseases in trunk-shape fruit trees orchard.