禁牧与放牧对新疆温性草原群落结构、生物量及牧草品质的影响

本试验研究了不同利用方式下温性草原植被特征及品质变化情况，旨在了解禁牧和放牧对草地群落产生的影响和群落变化过程，为合理利用与管理新疆温性草原提供理论依据。本研究以禁牧与放牧两种利用方式下的新疆温性草原为研究对象，2018年采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法，对整个生长季的草地群落生物量、数量特征、多样性及植被品质进行了动态观测。结果表明：放牧使群落基本数量特征（群落高度、盖度和密度）显著降低（P<0.05），退化指示植物在群落中所占比重增加；与放牧草地相比，禁牧草地的群落优势物种生物量、总生物量均显著提高（P<0.05），优势物种所占比重增加，群落丰富度下降，植物中粗蛋白含量降低，纤维含量显著增加（P<0.05）。本研究发现自由放牧会使草原群落向退化方向演替，长期禁牧会使得群落丰富度下降，在草原利用时要合理的将放牧与禁牧相结合，促进草地生态系统可持续发展。

Effects of Fencing and Grazing on the Community Structure,Biomass and Forage Quality of Temperate Steppe in Xinjiang

This study aims to understand the influence of fencing and grazing on the community structure,biomass and forage quality of temperate steppe in Xinjiang.The community characteristics,community biomass,and community diversity in fenced or grazing grasslands were measured using the standard rangeland ecological methodology,while the nutritional quality of herbage plants was determined according to the national standards. The results showed that:Grazing significantly reduced the basic quantitative characteristics of the community (community height,coverage and density) (P<0.05),and increased the proportion of degradation indicator species in the community. Compared with the grazing grassland,the total biomass,biomass of dominant species and the proportion of dominant species in the fenced grassland were significantly higher (P<0.05). The community richness and the content of crude protein in plants were lower while the content of plant fiber were significantly higher in the fenced grassland(P<0.05). This study found that free grazing will lead to grassland degradation,and fencing will reduce the richness of the communities. When using grasslands,it is necessary to combine grazing with fencing to promote sustainable development of grassland ecosystems.