绿肥影响农田土传病害的研究进展

土传病害是制约我国农业可持续发展的因素之一。绿肥作为高效清洁的有机肥源，与主作物合理搭配，可有效降低主作物土传病害的发生和危害，是减少化学药剂使用的重要措施。因此，综述绿肥对土传病害的防控效果与机制，对于绿肥推广应用和土传病害绿色防控具有重要意义。绿肥影响作物土传病害的研究主要集中于土传真菌病害和线虫病害，且大多数研究表明，绿肥可通过增强主作物整体抗病水平，对病原菌的化感抑制作用和改善土壤理化性质，增加土壤微生物中拮抗菌多样性和丰富度等，显著降低主作物土传病害发病率和严重程度。然而，绿肥影响主作物病害的作用机制研究不够深入，绿肥-主作物搭配模式和绿肥调控主作物病害的社会经济学效益仍需探究。同时，加强绿肥-主作物病害一体化防控及绿肥与根际促生菌、生防菌等其他有机改良剂或与适当的化学防控措施之间协同作用的研究，是未来需要加强的研究方向。

Research Progress on the Influence of Green Manures on Soil-borne Diseases in Farmlands

Soil-borne diseases are the important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. As a clean source of organic fertilizer, green manure can be reasonably matched with crops to control or reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. It is a potential measure to replace chemicals to control soil-borne diseases. Therefore, summarizing the effects and mechanisms of green manure on control of soil-borne diseases is of great significance for the popularization and application of green manure and the green control of soil-borne diseases. The studies of green manure on soil-borne diseases were mainly focus on soil-borne fungal diseases and nematode diseases. Green manure could significantly reduce the incidence and severity of soil-borne diseases by improving the overall disease resistance level of crops and promoting crops growth. The secondary metabolites of green manure could reduce the survival and infection of pathogen through allelopathic inhibitory effect. At the same time, green manure could also change the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the diversity and richness of antagonistic microbe in soil microorganisms, and indirectly inhibit the occurrence of diseases. The limitations of green manure for disease prevention and control are that the researches on the mechanism of green manure regulating main crop diseases are not deep enough, the green manure-main crop collocation model and the socioeconomic benefits of green manure regulating main crop diseases still need to be explored. In the future, the integration of green manure and main crop diseases should be strengthened. The researches on preventing and controlling of soil-borne diseases using combinative application of green manure and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, biocontrol bacteria and other organic modifiers, in combination with appropriate chemical control measures could be carried out.