不同调控措施对中度退化高寒草甸植被及土壤理化性质的影响

为探究退化草地植被和土壤理化性质对不同调控措施的响应，本研究以中度退化高寒草甸为研究对象，采取春季休牧（T1），春季休牧-划破草皮（T2），春季休牧-划破草皮-施肥（T3），春季休牧-划破草皮-播种（T4），春季休牧-划破草皮-施肥-播种（T5）措施，以中度退化高寒草甸为对照（CK），探讨各调控措施下植被与土壤理化性质的变化规律。结果表明：与CK相比各调控措施下物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数以及地上、地下生物量均显著增加（P<0.05）；补播‘青海’草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis‘Qinghai’）后样地杂类草重要值降低，禾本科重要值增加；CK土壤pH、容重和铵态氮含量最高；T2下土壤速效磷含量最高；T3下土壤硝态氮含量最高；T4下有机磷含量最高；与CK相比，T5下土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全钾、速效钾含量均显著增加（P<0.05）。综上，春季休牧-划破草皮-施肥-播种措施能在短时间内改善退化高寒草甸的现状，提高可食牧草比例，有利于高寒草甸的恢复。

Effects of Different Regulation Measures on Vegetation and Soil of Moderately Degraded Alpine Meadow

This study was aimed to explore the effects of spring grazing rest (T1), spring grazing rest combining turf cutting (T2), spring grazing rest combining turf cutting and fertilization (T3) on the vegetation and soil of the degraded grasslands, taking a moderately degraded alpine meadow as control (CK). The results showed that, compared with the control, the species richness, diversity, evenness index, and aboveground and underground biomass increased significantly (P<0.05). After replanting ‘Qinghai’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis ‘Qinghai’), the species composition changed from miscellaneous grass to Gramineae, and the species importance value increased;the content pH, bulk density, and ammonium nitrogen content of the control were the highest, and the content of available phosphorus in soil was the highest under T2. The content of nitrate nitrogen was the highest under T3, the content of organic phosphorus was the highest under T4, and the soil water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, and available potassium increased significantly under T5 (P<0.05). Therefore, T5 can improve the current situation of degraded alpine meadows in a short time, increase the proportion of edible forages, and be beneficial to the restoration of alpine meadows.