现蕾期磷添加对菊芋块茎产量及物质分配规律的影响

本试验以菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus L.）为研究对象，在其现蕾期进行不同梯度磷肥处理，测定其根系、茎杆、叶片、花和块茎生物产量，计算根冠比、茎叶比和各器官比重等相关指标，分析磷肥对菊芋生物量和物质分配的影响，为菊芋高产栽培提供依据。结果表明：随着磷肥施用量增加，菊芋地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，磷肥施用量为75 kg·hm^-2时，菊芋地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量均达到最大值，分别为352.32 g·plant^-1，112.85 g·plant^-1和150.47 g·plant^-1；随着磷肥施用量增加，块茎生物量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势，磷肥施用量为37.5 kg·hm^-2时达到最高（64.22 g·plant^-1）；随着磷肥施用量增加，茎叶比和根冠比均呈现先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势，施肥量为37.5 kg·hm^-2达到最高值；叶片比重和块茎比重均随着施肥量的增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。综上所述，75 kg·hm^-2和37.5 kg·hm^-2是地上生物量和地下块茎获得高产的最佳磷肥施用量。

Effects of Phosphorus Addition at Budding Stage on Biomass and Material Distribution of Jerusalem Artichoke

In this experiment,jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) was treated with different gradients of phosphorus fertilizer at budding stage. The biomass of roots,stems,leaves,flowers and tubers were measured. The root shoot ratio,stem leaf ratio and the proportion of various organs were calculated. The effects of phosphorus fertilizer on the biomass and material distribution of jerusalem artichoke were analyzed to provide the basis for high-yield cultivation of jerusalem artichoke. The results showed that:the aboveground biomass,underground biomass and total biomass of jerusalem artichoke increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphate fertilizer application,the aboveground biomass,underground biomass and total biomass of jerusalem artichoke reached the maximum at the application rate of 75 kg·hm^-2,which were 352.32 g·plant^-1,112.85 g·plant^-1 and 150.47 g·plant^-1,respectively. With the increase of P application rate,the tuber biomass first increased and then decreased,and reached the highest value (64.22 g·plant^-1) when P application rate was 37.5 kg·hm^-2. With the increase of phosphate fertilizer application rate,the stem leaf ratio and root shoot ratio increased first,then decreased,and then increased,and the fertilizer application rate was 37.5 kg·hm^-2,reaching the highest value. The leaf specific gravity and tuber specific gravity increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application rate. It can be seen that 75 kg·hm^-2 and 37.5 kg·hm^-2 are the best phosphorus application rates for high yield of aboveground biomass and underground tuber.