1990—2019年阿拉尔垦区植被覆盖时空变化特征分析

监测植被覆盖变化对区域生态环境评价和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于Landsat遥感影像和相关统计数据，运用像元二分模型和重心转移模型等方法分析阿拉尔垦区1990—2019年近30年的植被覆盖时空变化特征。结果表明：1990—2019年，阿拉尔垦区平均植被覆盖面积呈增加趋势，高和极高植被覆盖区的面积呈增加趋势，差异显著，分别增加了674 km²和1 147 km²；阿拉尔垦区植被覆盖变化存在时段性和区域性差异，时段上，2005—2010年垦区西北部开始出现植被，以中覆盖类型为主，区域上，垦区西北部植被覆盖的增加趋势最显著；近30年，垦区植被覆盖重心整体向东北方向转移；气候对阿拉尔垦区植被覆盖变化有一定的影响，但人类活动影响最直接。在未来发展中应注重保护自然植被，有计划地开垦土地，合理调整垦区农业结构，科学分配水权，保证垦区生态用水，实现可持续发展。

Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Vegetation Covers in Alar Reclamation Area f rom 1990 to 2019

Monitoring vegetation cover changes is important for regional ecological environment evaluation and sustainable development. Based on Landsat remote sensing images and related statistical data,this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of vegetation cover in Aral Reclamation area for the past 30 years from 1990 to 2019 using methods such as image element dichotomous model and gravity shift model. The results showed that the average vegetation cover in Alar Reclamation area increased from 1990 to 2019,and the area of high and very high vegetation cover areas increased by 674 km² and 1 147 km²,respectively;there were temporal and regional differences in vegetation cover changes in Alar Reclamation area. In terms of time period,vegetation began to appear in the northwestern part of the reclamation area from 2005 to 2010,with medium cover types predominating, regionally,the increasing trend of vegetation cover in the northwestern part of the reclamation area was the most significant;in the past 30 years,the center of gravity of vegetation cover in the reclamation area had shifted to the northeast as a whole; Climate had some influence on vegetation cover changes in the Alar Reclamation area,but human activities had the most direct impact. In future development,attention should be paid to the protection of natural vegetation,planned land reclamation,reasonable adjustment of the agricultural structure of the reclamation area,scientific allocation of water rights to ensure the ecological water of the reclamation area and achieve sustainable development.