退化高寒草甸植物群落和土壤特征及其相互关系研究

为了探究不同退化阶段高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征变化及其相互关系，通过野外样方调查和室内分析方法相结合测定了植物生物量、物种多样性指数、土壤养分和土壤理化性质，并分析了不同退化阶段下的特征差异与内在关系。结果表明：从轻度到极度退化过程中植被盖度、地上与地下生物量均呈现降低趋势，植被群落物种多样性指数、香农维纳多样性指数、均匀度指数和辛普森指数均呈下降趋势，土壤养分与理化性质趋于恶化，土壤水分下降和土壤容重的增加导致生物量下降。生物量与土壤性质之间相互作用、相互影响，在中度退化阶段改变植物群落组成和土壤性质，减少土壤养分流失，提高植物群落结构稳定性以及增加植物群落多样性将有利于退化高寒草甸的恢复。本研究有助于理清不同退化阶段高寒草甸的退化规律，并为恢复退化高寒草甸提供科学依据和理论基础。

Study on the Characteristics and Interrelationship of Plant Community and Soil in Degraded Alpine Meadow

To explore the changes of vegetation and soil characteristics and their relationships in the alpine meadow at different stages of degradation, the plant biomass, species diversity index, soil nutrient, soil physical and chemical properties were measured by the combination of field sample survey and laboratory analysis. The results showed that vegetation coverage, above ground and below ground biomass decreased from slight to severe degradation, the species diversity index, Shannon-wiener diversity index, Evenness index and Simpson index of vegetation community all showed a decreasing trend, and the soil nutrient and physical and chemical properties tended to deteriorate, the decrease of soil moisture and the increase of soil bulk density led to the decrease of biomass. The interaction and interaction between biomass and soil properties can change plant community composition and soil properties and reduce soil nutrient loss in the moderate degradation stage, improving the stability of plant community structure and increasing the diversity of plant community will be beneficial to the restoration of degraded alpine meadow. This study will help to clarify the degradation pattern of alpine meadow in different degradation stages, and provide a scientific basis and theoretical basis for restoring degraded alpine meadow.