土壤因子对黄土丘陵区不同利用方式土地丛植菌根真菌多样性的影响

丛枝菌根多样性是土壤生态系统生物多样性的重要组分之一。本研究对豫西黄土丘陵区柠条（Caragana korshinskii）林、刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）林、苹果（Malus pumila Mill）园和撂荒地的地表植被、土壤养分及AM真菌多样性进行了测定分析，结果表明，该区共鉴出AM真菌6属31种，球囊霉属（Glomus）为各样地的优势属，地球囊霉（G.geosporum）和摩西球囊霉（G.mosseae）为各样地的优势种。与苹果园地相比，柠条林地、刺槐林地和撂荒地土壤AM真菌的孢子密度分别提高49.49%，39.62%和91.42%（P<0.05）；种丰度分别提高54.10%，68.85%和90.98%（P<0.05）；多样性指数分别提高36.54%，30.77%和53.85%（P<0.05）。AM真菌物种多样性指数与pH和速效磷含量显著负相关（P<0.05），与有机碳和速效氮含量显著正相关（P<0.05）。土壤养分因子对AM真菌多样性的影响顺序为：速效磷 > pH > 速效氮 > 有机碳 > 全氮 > 全钾 > 全磷。土壤AM真菌多样性受宿主植物多样性和土壤养分因子综合影响。

Influences of Soil Factors on the Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Different Land Use Types of Loess Hilly Region

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a group of ecologically important soil microbes and show wide geographic distribution across the globe. To test whether these fungal diversity and richness are impacted by soil nutrient concentration,the composition of soil AM fungi communities and soil properties was measured which caragana korshinskii forest,apple robinia pseudoacacia forest,apple orchard and abandoned arable in the loess hilly region of Henan province. The results showed that 31 species in 6 genera of AM fungi were isolated in the soil. Glomus was the dominant genus and G. geosporum and G. mosseae were the dominant species of four kinds of land use. The spore density of soil AM in caragana korshinskii forest,robinia pseudoacacia forest and abandoned arable,respectively,increased 49.49%,39.62% and 91.42% than that of apple orchard soil(P<0.05),species richness increased 54.10%,68.85% and 90.98%(P<0.05),Shannon-Wiener index increased 36.54%,30.77% and 53.85%(P<0.05). The Shannon-Wiener index of AM fungi was negative correlated with pH and the content of available phosphorus (P<0.05) but positively correlated with the content of organic carbon and available nitrogen (P<0.05) significantly. The order of influence of soil nutrient factors on AM fungi species diversity is:Available phosphorus > pH > Available nitrogen > Total organic carbon > Total nitrogen > Total potassium > Total phosphorus. The diversity soil AM fungi is influenced by the diversity of host plants and soil nutrient factors.