覆盖材料对垄沟集雨种植高粱生长特性及土壤水分、温度的影响

为了提高旱作雨养农业区降水资源利用率,改善作物水分有效性,在半干旱黄土高原丘陵区通过大田试验,以传统垄沟集雨种植沟无覆盖为对照,研究了不同沟覆盖材料(生物可降解地膜覆盖、生物可降解液体地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖)对土壤水分、土壤温度、高粱产量和水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明,在高粱全生育期,与无覆盖相比,生物可降解地膜覆盖、生物可降解液体地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的平均土壤贮水量分别增加20.7,11.7和28.9mm,土壤含水量分别提高5.7%,0.9%和8.7%;生物可降解地膜覆盖和生物可降解液体地膜覆盖的沟中平均土壤温度分别增加1.3和0.5℃,秸秆覆盖的沟中平均土壤温度降低0.3℃;生物可降解地膜覆盖、生物可降解液体地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的高粱地上生物量分别提高31%,4%和7%,籽粒产量分别提高36%,15%和23%,WUE分别提高36.0%,15.0%和24.8%。与无覆盖相比,生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖具有较高土壤水分、地上生物量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率。生物可降解液体地膜覆盖效果不明显。

Effects of furrow mulching materials on soil water,temperature and yield of sorghum in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting production

In order to improve the utilization of precipitation resources in rainfed farming area,and improve crop water availability in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting production,a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different furrow mulching materials (biodegradable mulch film mulching,biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching and straw mulching) on soil water,soil temperature,production and water use efficiency of sorghum in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that the sorghum growth period,compared with traditional flat planting without mulching,average soil water storage of sorghum increase was 20.7,11.7 and 28.9 mm,soil water content increase was 5.7％,0.9％ and 8.7％ for biodegradable mulch film mulching,biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching and straw mulching respectively,while soil temperature increase was 1.3 and 0.5℃ for biodegradable mulch film mulching and biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching,and soil temperature decrease was 0.3℃ for straw mulching.Biomass yield of sorghum increased by 31％,4％ and 7％,grain yield increased by 36％,15％ and 23％,and water use efficiency increased by 36.0％,15.0％ and 24.8％ for biodegradable mulch film mulching,biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching and straw mulching,respectively.Compared to the traditional flat planting without mulching,biodegradable mulch film mulching and straw mulching has higher soil water,biomass yield,grain yield and water use efficiency of sorghum than other furrow mulching materials.Biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching effect is not obvious.