平山湖温性荒漠草地草畜平衡现状及发展措施

2008年通过对张掖市平山湖蒙古族乡草地、农牧业生产经营情况的入户调查,全乡有天然草地8.67万hm^2,可利用草地6.38万hm^2。草地理论载畜量为2.03万羊单位,实际存栏6.843万羊单位,超载4.813万羊单位,达237%。由于草地严重超载过牧,造成温性荒漠草地退化加剧,裸露草地数量增加,水土流失严重,草原生态环境日益恶化,使当地农牧民生产、生活受到严重的影响。必须通过调整优化畜群结构,使饲养牲畜公母比例由1∶1.4提高到1∶2.5-3.0,改变传统的全放牧饲养方式,加快畜群周转,达到草畜平衡,实现草地畜牧业可持续发展。

Analysis of balance between forage supplyand livestock demand in temperate desert grassland in Pingshanhu Township of Zhangye City

A household survey on agriculture and livestock production and management was carried out in Pingshanhu Mongolian Autonomous Township of Zhangye City in 2008.The areas of grassland and usable grassland were 86700 ha and 63800 ha.The theoretic carrying capacity was 20030 sheep units,however,the actual stock rate was 68430 sheep units and the over grazing rate was 237%.The degradation of temperate desert grassland was accelerated due to overgrazing,consequently,resulted in the increasing of bare ground and soil erosion.The livelihood of herders was affected by the fragile ecologic environment.The flock structure should be adjusted and the totally grassland depended grazing should be changed to achieve the balance between forage supply and livestock demand for the sustainable animal production.