基于地理探测器模型的川西北家畜空间分布差异影响因素分析

川西北放牧家畜分布具有空间尺度分异的特征,以乡镇为单位的基础数据,在研究自然和人为因素对家畜空间分布的影响方面,有助于得出更细致、更客观的结果,将为川西北地区畜群结构的优化提供科学依据。试验以气象、地形、植被类型、植被覆盖度、土地利用类型、人口、出栏管理等方面的数据为基础,利用GIS空间分析和地理探测器模型相结合的方法,对川西北总的放牧家畜及不同畜种家畜空间分布的影响因素进行定量归因。结果表明:(1)人口数量是川西北总的放牧家畜和牦牛空间分布的主要影响因素,因子解释力分别为0.48和0.45;年均温和草地面积次之,植被覆盖度对总的放牧家畜、牦牛及绵羊的空间分布影响相对最弱,植被类型对牦牛空间分布的影响相对较大,对总的放牧家畜和绵羊的分布影响较小;(2)降雨和温度是制约川西北绵羊空间分布的主要因素,因子解释力分别为0.30和0.29;人口数量和出栏率次之,因子解释力分别为0.22和0.17;(3)各影响因子之间的交互作用对川西北放牧家畜的影响表现为协同增强。

Factors Affecting Livestock Spatial Distribution Difference in Northwest Sichuan Province Based on Geographical Detector Model

The distribution of grazing livestock in Northwest Sichuan province exhibits different features as the spatial scale varies.Analysis of the effect of natural and human factors on the distribution of grazing livestock based on data from town and township could obtain more conclusive and objective evidence,and offer a scientific basis for the optimization of the livestock structure in Northwest Sichuan province.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of spatial distribution of the total grazing livestock and livestock of different species in Northwest Sichuan province based on the GIS spatial analysis method and geographic detector model.Influence factors,such as meteorology,terrain,vegetation type,vegetation coverage,land use type,population,and slaughter management,were considered as quantitative attributes in this study.The findings revealed:(1)population was the dominant influence factor for the spatial distribution of the total grazing livestock and yaks in Northwest Sichuan province(explanatory power:0.48 and 0.45,respectively),followed by the average annual temperature and grassland area.Instead,the vegetation coverage exerted the weakest influence on the spatial distribution of the total grazing livestock,yaks,and sheep.While the vegetation type exerted a relatively strong influence on the spatial distribution of yaks,the impact on the distribution of the total grazing livestock and sheep was relatively light.(2)Rainfall and temperature were the primary factors restricting the spatial distribution of sheep in Northwest Sichuan province(explanatory power:0.30 and 0.29,respectively),followed by population and slaughter rate(explanatory power:0.22 and 0.17,respectively).(3)Finally,influence factors enhanced each other when they interactively influenced the grazing livestock distribution in Northwest Sichuan province.