德州驴生产性能的初步研究

德州驴是优秀的皮肉兼用驴,包括“三粉驴”和“乌头驴”两个品系,但是关于德州驴的研究较少。为了向驴产业提供可靠的德州驴生产性能数据,该研究以40头三粉驴和9头乌头驴为研究对象,系统研究了德州驴的体尺性状、屠宰性能、脏器系数及胸腰椎数等性状特点。结果表明,三粉驴的屠宰率为54.02%,净肉率为42.43%,净皮率为8.12%;乌头驴的屠宰率为53.71%,净肉率为40.32%,净皮率为9.41%。表明三粉驴更适合于向肉用驴品系进行培育,乌头驴更适合于向皮用驴品系进行培育。与乌头驴相比,三粉驴的肝脏系数较高,并且小肠、盲肠显著较长(P<0.01),说明三粉驴具有更加优良的消化及代谢能力,可能是其具有更优异产肉性能的原因之一。调查发现,德州驴群体内存在胸腰椎数的变异,胸椎数为17~19个,腰椎数为5~6个;胸椎数与腰椎数存在不同形式的组合,18胸椎5腰椎占比为73.47%,18胸椎6腰椎占比为12.24%,19胸椎5腰椎占比为2.04%,17胸椎6腰椎占比为12.24%。统计发现,多一个胸椎或者腰椎可使驴皮产量增加。该试验结果可为德州驴产业健康可持续发展提供重要理论支撑,为品种及新品系培育提供数据支持。

Preliminary Study on the Production Performance of Dezhou Donkey

The Dezhou donkey is an excellent breed of skin-meat dual purpose which includes Sanfen donkey and Wutou donkey.In recent years,the donkey industry has been greatly developed as a distinctive and poverty alleviation industry.However,there are few researches on the production performance of Dezhou donkey.In order to provide reliable production performance data for the development of Dezhou donkey industry,this study systematically studied the characteristics of body size,slaughter performance,viscera coefficient and number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 40 Sanfen donkeys and 9 Wutou donkeys.The results showed that the dressing percentage of Sanfen donkey was 54.02%,the net meat rate was 42.43%,the net skin rate was 8.12%.For the Wutou donkey,they were 53.71%,40.32%and 9.41%,respectively,which indicates that the Sanfen donkey is more suitable for breeding meat-use donkey strain and the Wutou donkey is more suitable for breeding skin-use donkey strain.Compared with the Wutou donkey,the Sanfen donkey had higher liver coefficient and significantly longer small intestine and cecum(P<0.01),indicating that the Sanfen donkey had better digestion and metabolism ability,which may be one of the reasons for its better meat production performance.Variations in the number of thoracolumbar vertebrae were found in Dezhou donkey population,with 17 to 19 thoracic vertebrae and 5 to 6 lumbar vertebrae.In addition,it was found that the number of thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra had different combinations,accounting for 73.47%of 18 thoracic vertebra 5 lumbar vertebra,12.24%of 18 thoracic vertebra 6 lumbar vertebra,2.04%of 19 thoracic vertebra 5 lumbar vertebra,and 12.24%of 17 thoracic vertebra 6 lumbar vertebra.Statistics showed that an additional thoracic or lumbar vertebra can increase the production of donkey skin.The results of this experiment can provide important theoretical support for the healthy and sustainable development of the Dezhou donkey industry,and provide data support for cultivating new breed.