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 对天津市郊区半开放式和联栋式犊牛舍环境生态因子进行了测定。在每种类型犊牛舍中央纵轴上均匀选取三个测定点，每个点距离地面1.0 m，测定温度、相对湿度、风速、CO2和NH3浓度。结果表明，半开放式犊牛舍冬季一天平均气温低达4.4 ℃，不能满足犊牛正常生长需要；联栋式犊牛舍内空气质量好，气温较高，但舍内南北两侧温度差异较大，南侧一天平均气温在10 ℃左右，北侧只有6 ℃左右，应加强联栋式犊牛舍内北侧外围护结构的保温性。当联栋式犊牛舍温度过低时，使用红外线灯可使舍内温度提高2~3 ℃。

Determination and Evaluation of Environmental and Ecological Factors in Calf House in Winter in Tianjin City

The housing condition of two types of calf houses was determined in the suburb of Tianjin city. One type was half open house, another was united building house. Three determination points were set along the the central vertical axis in two types of calf houses. Temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and the concentration of CO2 and NH3 were determined at each determination point which was one meter above the ground.The results showed that temperature of half open calf house was only 4.4 ℃ in winter, which could not meet the needs of calves of normal growth. Meanwhile, the air quality was better and the temperature was higher in united building calf house,but for temperature there was larger difference between the north and the south in united building calf house.The average temperature was around 10 ℃ in the south, while only around 6 ℃ in the north. Therefore, heat preservation of building envelopes and enclosures should be improved in the north of the united building calf house. When temperature of the united building calf house is too low, using infrared lamp can raise temperature by 2~3℃.