高寒牧区牧草引种及混播技术的研究

在海拔高度近4000m的高寒牧区对10个燕麦优良品种进行引种比较试验，结果表明，10个品种均不能成熟，只能达到孕穗期，其中丹麦444、巴燕5号和选18等3个品种的青干草产量极显著高于对照巴燕3号，可在该地区推广种植。21个多年生禾草品种的引种试验表明，其产草量和越冬性能，上繁草中以垂穗披碱草，多叶老芒麦、紫野麦草较好；下繁草以中华羊茅、西北羊茅、毛稃羊茅、冷地早熟禾、紫羊茅（同德）、星星草为好。混播试验表明，多叶老芒麦30％＋中华羊茅70％的垂穗披碱草70％＋西北羊茅30％在第二、三年群落结构和产草量优于其它混播处理和单播。说明在高寒牧区利用多年生禾本科牧草混播是解决人工草地品种单一，优化群落结构，提高产草量的较好途径。

Study on Grass Instoduction and Technology of Mixed Seeding in Alpine-cold Pasture

A comparative test of ten fine varieties of oat introduced into alpine cold pasture above the sea level 4000m was carried.The results showed that all ten fine varieties of oat cannot mature and can only grow to the boot stage.Of them the herbage yield of Danish 444,Bayan 5 and Xuan 18 varieties of oat was significantly higher than that of Bayan 3 varieties of oat.The three varieties of oat could be planted extensively.The comparative test of introduced twenty one perennial gras species showed that in herbage yield and winter hardiness,Elymus nutans Griseb,Elymus sibiricus L.Hordeum violaceumBoiss.et Hohen in top grass,Festuca sinensis Keng, Festuca Rryloviana Rererd,Festuca kirilovii Steud,Poa crymophila Keng,Festuca rubra L.and Puccineuia tenuflora Turez.Seribn et Merr in bottom grass were fine.The mixed seeding test showed that the aboveground biomass and community structure of mixed seeding Elymus sibiricus L.30%+Festuca sinehsis Keng 70% and Elymus nutans Griseb 70%+Festuca Rryloviana Rererd 30% were better than that of other mixed seeding and single-seeding in the second and third year,showing that mixed seeding of perennial grass species waw better method of resolving single variety,improving community structure,increasing herbage yield in alpine cold pasture.