核酸适体及其在疫病诊断上的应用

核酸适体是指采用指数富集配体的系统进化技术从随机单链寡核苷酸库中筛选出的能与靶物质高特异性、高亲和力结合的配体。鉴于适体特有的亲和力高、特异性强、精确识别、易体外合成与修饰等特点,其被广泛应用于分析化学、基因调控、蛋白质组学和新药研发等领域。在疫病的检测方面,核酸适体逐渐成为抗体的代替或补充试剂,已初步应用于生物芯片、生物传感器、分子信标等多种检测技术平台,并具有良好的敏感性和特异性,显示出了良好的应用前景。本文就适体技术及其在疫病诊断中的应用进展作一综述。

NUCLEIC ACID APTAMERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN DISEASE DIAGNOSIS

Nucleic acid aptamers are ligands with high specificity and affinity for their targets,which are screened from a large pool of oligonucleotides by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（SELEX） technology.For their characteristics of high affinity and specificity,accurate identification,easily synthesized and modified in vitro,nucleic acid aptamers are widely used in analytical chemistry,gene regulation,proteomics,drug discovery and other fields.In disease detection,nucleic acid aptamers have become substitutes or complements of antibody reagents for use in bio-chips,biosensors,molecular beacons and other technology platforms.The applications of nucleic acid aptamers in disease diagnosis are reviewed.