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Urinary incontinence and incoordination in three horses associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Authors:W Kent Scarratt  Virginia A Buechner-Maxwell  Stacey Karzenski  Mark A Wallace  John L Robertson
Institution:1. Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell''Emilia, BO, Italy;2. Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Germaneto, CZ, Italy;3. Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña S/N, Arucas 35413, Las Palmas, Spain;1. Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK;2. Three Counties Equine Hospital, Ripple, Tewkesbury GL20 6HE, UK;3. Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;4. Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK;5. Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK;6. Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
Abstract:Urinary incontinence, weakness and ataxia associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) was diagnosed in three horses. Rectal examination of all horses revealed distention of the urinary bladder. Urine was expressed when manual pressure was applied to the bladder of each horse during rectal examination. The anal reflex and tone of the anus and tail were normal in all horses. Two horses had bacterial cystitis associated with Enterococcus sp. All horses were treated with pyrimethamine and a sulfonamide for EPM, but there was a variable response to treatment.
Keywords:equine  urinary incontinence  incoordination  protozoal myeleoncephalitis
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