Pathology and molecular diagnosis of paratuberculosis of camels |
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Authors: | Khaled B Alharbi Abdulaziz Al-Swailem Musaad A Al-Dubaib Essam Al-Yamani Abdelmohsen Al-Naeem Maher Shehata Mahmoud E Hashad Khaled A Albusadah Osama M Mahmoud |
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Institution: | (1) King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;(2) College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;(3) College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; |
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Abstract: | Camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including Saudi Arabia. Paratuberculosis
of camels, locally called Silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the Arabian camel. Six camels were used in this
study. Five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology.
The sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. The camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological
and blood chemistry analysis. They were then humanely killed with a high intravenous dose of thiopental sodium (10 mg/kg)
for pathological studies as well as obtaining tissues for microbiological and molecular studies. The clinical signs of the
disease were emaciation, diarrhoea, alopecia, wry neck and pale mucous membranes. Laboratory diagnosis showed reduced haemoglobin
concentration, low haematocrit and high activity of the serum enzyme alanine aminotransferase. Serum creatinine concentration
was normal. These results indicated the infected camels were anaemic and the function of their livers was affected. Postmortem
examination showed thickened and corrugated intestinal mucosa, enlarged granulomatous mesenteric lymph nodes, miliary and
diffuse granulomas in the liver (in four camels), generalized lymph node granulomas (in one camel), splenic granuloma (in
one camel) and mediastinal lymph node granuloma (in two camels). Histopathological examination showed diffuse infiltration
of macrophages in all organs showing lesions. Ziehl–Neelsen staining of tissue scraping and tissue sections showed masses
of acid fast bacilli, except for the spleen. Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was confirmed by PCR by targeting the IS900 gene. |
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